The aerodynamic behavior and vortex dynamics radically differentiate fixed-bottom offshore wind turbines (OWTs) from floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). Based on Helmholtz's and Kutta-Joukowski's theorems, and Prandtl's lifting-line theory, this work analyzes lift generation mechanisms and three-dimensional wake kinematics in both technologies. While the fixed-bottom case is governed by quasi-steady aerodynamics and regular vortex structures, the surge and pitch motions of floating platforms introduce complex unsteady phenomena, fluctuating cyclic loads, and the early coalescence of tip vortices. This instability promotes a rapid transition to turbulence and a significantly faster wake velocity deficit recovery compared to fixed turbines. Such physical characteristics open up promising perspectives for the optimization of offshore wind farm layouts, enabling reduced inter-turbine spacing and maximizing overall energy yield.
Il comportamento aerodinamico e la dinamica dei vortici differenziano radicalmente le turbine eoliche offshore fisse (OWT) da quelle galleggianti (FOWT). Basandosi sui teoremi di Helmholtz, Kutta-Joukowski e sulla teoria della linea portante di Prandtl, si analizzano i meccanismi di generazione della portanza e la cinematica delle scie tridimensionali nelle due tecnologie. Mentre il caso fisso è governato da un'aerodinamica quasi-stazionaria e da strutture vorticose regolari, i moti di surge e pitch delle piattaforme galleggianti introducono complessi fenomeni instazionari, carichi ciclici fluttuanti e una precoce coalescenza dei vortici d'estremità. Tale instabilità favorisce una rapida transizione alla turbolenza e un ripristino del deficit di velocità nella scia nettamente più veloce rispetto alle turbine fisse. Questa peculiarità fisica apre importanti prospettive per l'ottimizzazione dei parchi eolici marini, consentendo di ridurre le distanze tra le turbine e massimizzare la produzione energetica complessiva.
Vorticità e scie: confronto aerodinamico tra OWT (Offshore Wind Turbines) e FOWT (Floating Offshore Wind Turbines)
JACOBS, FRANCESCA
2025/2026
Abstract
The aerodynamic behavior and vortex dynamics radically differentiate fixed-bottom offshore wind turbines (OWTs) from floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). Based on Helmholtz's and Kutta-Joukowski's theorems, and Prandtl's lifting-line theory, this work analyzes lift generation mechanisms and three-dimensional wake kinematics in both technologies. While the fixed-bottom case is governed by quasi-steady aerodynamics and regular vortex structures, the surge and pitch motions of floating platforms introduce complex unsteady phenomena, fluctuating cyclic loads, and the early coalescence of tip vortices. This instability promotes a rapid transition to turbulence and a significantly faster wake velocity deficit recovery compared to fixed turbines. Such physical characteristics open up promising perspectives for the optimization of offshore wind farm layouts, enabling reduced inter-turbine spacing and maximizing overall energy yield.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Jacobs_Francesca.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/115190