This paper aims to analyze the rotary engine, an innovative alternative to traditional piston engines. Unlike traditional reciprocating internal combustion engines, the Wankel is distinguished by its operation based exclusively on rotary components. After a historical reconstruction of the architecture developed by Felix Wankel and its progressive evolution in the industrial field, the paper delves into the operating principle of the motor in detail, focusing on the geometry of the epitrochoidal stator and on the kinematics of the three-cusp rotor. On a theoretical level, the paper examines the main kinematic quantities, such as speed and accelerations, highlighting how these parameters behave throughout the entire engine operating cycle. Subsequently, a critical evaluation of the performance of the Wankel engine is carried out, highlighting its main advantages. Among these, structural compactness, sensitive vibration reduction and high power – weight ratio stand out, making it particularly interesting especially in applications where space is limited. However, the discussion cannot ignore the technical critical issues that have hindered its commercial diffusion, including the wear of the rotating seals, significantly higher fuel consumption than traditional reciprocating engines, but above all the low thermal efficiency, which remains one of the biggest unsolved problems of Wankel technology. Finally, the thesis explores the future prospects of the rotary engine, focusing on electrical and hybrid applications, where the Wankel takes on a new relevant role as a generator in Range Extender systems. In this context, it is emphasized how the unique characteristics of this architecture can still today propose innovative solutions to meet the needs of sustainability and energy efficiency.
Il presente elaborato si propone di analizzare il motore rotativo, un’innovativa alternativa ai tradizionali motori a pistoni. A differenza dei tradizionali motori a combustione interna alternativi, il Wankel si distingue per il suo funzionamento basato esclusivamente su componenti rotativi. Dopo una ricostruzione storica dell’architettura sviluppata da Felix Wankel e della sua progressiva evoluzione in ambito industriale, l’elaborato approfondisce nel dettaglio il principio di funzionamento del motore, focalizzandosi sulla geometria dello statore epitrocoidale e sulla cinematica del rotore a tre cuspidi. Sul piano teorico, l’elaborato esamina le principali grandezze cinematiche, quali la velocità e le accelerazioni, evidenziando come questi parametri si comportano durante l’intero ciclo operativo del motore. Successivamente si effettua una valutazione critica delle prestazioni del motore Wankel, mettendo in luce i suoi principali vantaggi. Tra questi spiccano la compattezza strutturale, la riduzione sensibile delle vibrazioni e l’elevato rapporto potenza – peso, che lo rendono particolarmente interessante soprattutto in applicazioni dove lo spazio è limitato. Tuttavia la discussione non può prescindere dalle criticità tecniche che ne hanno ostacolato la diffusione commerciale, tra cui l’usura delle guarnizioni rotanti, i consumi nettamente superiori rispetto ai tradizionali motori alternativi, ma soprattutto la bassa efficienza termica, che rimane uno dei più grandi problemi irrisolti della tecnologia Wankel. Infine, la tesi esplora le prospettive future del motore rotativo, focalizzandosi sulle applicazioni elettriche ed ibride, dove il Wankel assume un nuovo ruolo rilevante come generatore nei sistemi Range Extender. In questo contesto si sottolinea come le caratteristiche uniche di questa architettura possano ancora oggi proporre soluzioni innovative per rispondere alle esigenze di sostenibilità ed efficienza energetica.
Wankel: il motore che sfidò le forme tradizionali. Geometrie, criticità e prospettive di sviluppo del motore rotativo.
MENICONI, VERONICA
2025/2026
Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the rotary engine, an innovative alternative to traditional piston engines. Unlike traditional reciprocating internal combustion engines, the Wankel is distinguished by its operation based exclusively on rotary components. After a historical reconstruction of the architecture developed by Felix Wankel and its progressive evolution in the industrial field, the paper delves into the operating principle of the motor in detail, focusing on the geometry of the epitrochoidal stator and on the kinematics of the three-cusp rotor. On a theoretical level, the paper examines the main kinematic quantities, such as speed and accelerations, highlighting how these parameters behave throughout the entire engine operating cycle. Subsequently, a critical evaluation of the performance of the Wankel engine is carried out, highlighting its main advantages. Among these, structural compactness, sensitive vibration reduction and high power – weight ratio stand out, making it particularly interesting especially in applications where space is limited. However, the discussion cannot ignore the technical critical issues that have hindered its commercial diffusion, including the wear of the rotating seals, significantly higher fuel consumption than traditional reciprocating engines, but above all the low thermal efficiency, which remains one of the biggest unsolved problems of Wankel technology. Finally, the thesis explores the future prospects of the rotary engine, focusing on electrical and hybrid applications, where the Wankel takes on a new relevant role as a generator in Range Extender systems. In this context, it is emphasized how the unique characteristics of this architecture can still today propose innovative solutions to meet the needs of sustainability and energy efficiency.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/115330