This research analyzes the relationship between satellite-derived nighttime light data and GDP at the provincial level in Italy over the period 2013-2023, using VIIRS data as the basis for a validation exercise of the satellite proxy against a high-quality official reference. The light signal was first reconstructed and corrected for the main instrumental issues documented in the literature, then examined in its seasonal, spatial, and trend structure. The relationship between light and GDP was subsequently estimated through fixed-effects panel models, extended to include a comparison with official electricity consumption, the spatial dimension, and growth and convergence dynamics. The light-GDP relationship proves positive and statistically robust in the main specification, consistent with the foundational literature's approach, and strengthens further once spatial dependence across provinces is explicitly modeled. Nighttime light emerges as an effective indicator of economic growth across territories, providing, for the Italian case, evidence on the informative value of the satellite proxy in a context of already solid official statistics.
La presente ricerca analizza la relazione tra luminosità notturna rilevata da satellite e PIL a livello provinciale in Italia nel periodo 2013-2023, con dati VIIRS impiegati come base per un esercizio di validazione del proxy satellitare rispetto a un riferimento ufficiale di qualità elevata. Il segnale luminoso è stato anzitutto ricostruito e corretto dalle principali criticità strumentali note in letteratura, quindi analizzato nella sua struttura stagionale, spaziale e di trend. La relazione tra luce e PIL è stata poi stimata con modelli di panel a effetti fissi, estesi al confronto con il consumo elettrico ufficiale, alla dimensione spaziale e alle dinamiche di crescita e convergenza. Il legame tra luce e PIL risulta positivo e statisticamente solido nella specificazione principale, coerente con l'impostazione della letteratura fondativa, e si rafforza ulteriormente una volta modellata esplicitamente la dipendenza spaziale tra province. La luminosità notturna si conferma un indicatore efficace della crescita economica dei territori, offrendo per il caso italiano un riscontro sul valore informativo del proxy satellitare in un contesto di statistica ufficiale già solida.
Leggere la crescita economica al buio: la relazione tra PIL e illuminazione notturna nelle province italiane
CAU, LORENZO
2025/2026
Abstract
This research analyzes the relationship between satellite-derived nighttime light data and GDP at the provincial level in Italy over the period 2013-2023, using VIIRS data as the basis for a validation exercise of the satellite proxy against a high-quality official reference. The light signal was first reconstructed and corrected for the main instrumental issues documented in the literature, then examined in its seasonal, spatial, and trend structure. The relationship between light and GDP was subsequently estimated through fixed-effects panel models, extended to include a comparison with official electricity consumption, the spatial dimension, and growth and convergence dynamics. The light-GDP relationship proves positive and statistically robust in the main specification, consistent with the foundational literature's approach, and strengthens further once spatial dependence across provinces is explicitly modeled. Nighttime light emerges as an effective indicator of economic growth across territories, providing, for the Italian case, evidence on the informative value of the satellite proxy in a context of already solid official statistics.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/115387