Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) represents a significant mental health challenge, with substantial consequences for psychological well-being, physical functioning, and quality of life. Alongside conventional treatments such as pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, interest in physical activity as a potential complementary therapeutic strategy has grown in recent years. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of physical activity in the treatment of MDD, with a particular focus on its effects on depressive symptoms. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, selecting studies published between 2015 and 2026 that featured physical exercise interventions and validated tools for assessing depression. Overall, the analyzed studies highlight a reduction in depressive symptoms following participation in exercise programs. Favorable results were observed across different modalities, including continuous aerobic exercise, interval training, resistance training, and multimodal programs, even when combined with pharmacotherapy. In conclusion, physical activity represents a promising complementary intervention in the treatment of MDD. Supervision and individualization of exercise are essential to adapt the program to the individual's clinical, physical, and motivational characteristics and to promote long-term adherence.
Il Disturbo Depressivo Maggiore (Major Depressive Disorder, MDD) rappresenta una rilevante problematica di salute mentale, con significative conseguenze sul benessere psicologico, sulla funzionalità fisica e sulla qualità della vita. Accanto ai trattamenti convenzionali, quali farmacoterapia e psicoterapia, negli ultimi anni è aumentato l’interesse verso l’attività fisica come possibile strategia terapeutica complementare. L’obiettivo della presente tesi è analizzare le evidenze scientifiche relative all’efficacia dell’attività fisica nel trattamento del MDD, con particolare attenzione agli effetti sulla sintomatologia depressiva. È stata condotta una revisione della letteratura attraverso PubMed e Google Scholar, selezionando studi pubblicati tra il 2015 e il 2026 e caratterizzati dall’impiego di interventi di esercizio fisico e strumenti validati per la valutazione della depressione. Nel complesso, gli studi analizzati evidenziano una riduzione della sintomatologia depressiva in seguito alla partecipazione a programmi di esercizio. Risultati favorevoli sono stati osservati attraverso differenti modalità, tra cui esercizio aerobico continuo, allenamento intervallato, resistance training e programmi multimodali, anche in associazione alla farmacoterapia. In conclusione, l’attività fisica rappresenta un intervento complementare promettente nel trattamento del MDD. La supervisione e l’individualizzazione dell’esercizio risultano fondamentali per adattare il programma alle caratteristiche cliniche, fisiche e motivazionali del soggetto e favorire l’aderenza nel tempo.
Efficacia dell'esercizio fisico nel trattamento della depressione
GAVAGNIN, MANUEL PAOLO
2025/2026
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) represents a significant mental health challenge, with substantial consequences for psychological well-being, physical functioning, and quality of life. Alongside conventional treatments such as pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, interest in physical activity as a potential complementary therapeutic strategy has grown in recent years. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of physical activity in the treatment of MDD, with a particular focus on its effects on depressive symptoms. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, selecting studies published between 2015 and 2026 that featured physical exercise interventions and validated tools for assessing depression. Overall, the analyzed studies highlight a reduction in depressive symptoms following participation in exercise programs. Favorable results were observed across different modalities, including continuous aerobic exercise, interval training, resistance training, and multimodal programs, even when combined with pharmacotherapy. In conclusion, physical activity represents a promising complementary intervention in the treatment of MDD. Supervision and individualization of exercise are essential to adapt the program to the individual's clinical, physical, and motivational characteristics and to promote long-term adherence.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/115465