Resistance training represents an effective strategy to counteract the loss of strength and muscle mass associated with aging; however, individual responses may vary depending on the outcome considered and the timing of assessment. The aim of the present study was to identify responders and non-responders after the first two months of training and to compare the frequency of response in the strength and morphological domains, while also assessing the potential transition to responder status following an additional month of training. Twenty-nine older adults were included in the analysis. Individual response was defined using the Smallest Worthwhile Change (SWC) for maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), 1RM, lean soft tissue (LST), and vastus lateralis (VL) cross-sectional area. At T2, 24/29 participants (82.8%) were classified as responders in the strength domain, whereas 1/29 (3.4%) was classified as a responder in the morphological domain. When considering individual morphological outcomes, 1/29 participants was classified as a responder for LST and 15/29 (51.7%) for VL. Of the five non-responders in the strength domain at T2, four were reclassified as responders at T3; no transitions were observed in the morphological domain. These findings highlight that responder classification depends on the domain, outcome, threshold adopted, and timepoint, supporting a multidimensional approach to the assessment of individual responses to resistance training.
L’allenamento contro resistenza rappresenta una strategia efficace per contrastare la perdita di forza e massa muscolare associata all’invecchiamento, ma la risposta individuale può variare in funzione dell’outcome considerato e del momento della valutazione. Lo scopo del presente studio è stato identificare soggetti responder e non responder dopo i primi due mesi di allenamento e confrontare la frequenza di risposta nel dominio della forza e in quello morfologico, valutando inoltre l’eventuale transizione a responder dopo un ulteriore mese di allenamento. Sono stati analizzati 29 partecipanti anziani. La risposta individuale è stata definita mediante Smallest Worthwhile Change (SWC) per MVC, 1RM, lean soft tissue (LST) e cross-sectional area del vasto laterale (VL). A T2, 24/29 partecipanti (82,8%) erano responder nel dominio della forza, mentre 1/29 (3,4%) era responder nel dominio morfologico. Considerando i singoli outcome morfologici, 1/29 era responder per LST e 15/29 (51,7%) per VL. Dei 5 non responder nel dominio della forza a T2, 4 sono stati riclassificati come responder a T3; nessuna transizione è stata osservata nel dominio morfologico. I risultati evidenziano che la classificazione della risposta dipende dal dominio, dall’outcome, dalla soglia adottata e dal timepoint, sostenendo un approccio multidimensionale alla valutazione della risposta individuale all’allenamento.
Variabilità interindividuale della risposta all'allenamento nell'anziano: analisi di responder e non-responder negli adattamenti della forza e della morfologia muscolare.
PRINCIPATO, CALOGERO
2025/2026
Abstract
Resistance training represents an effective strategy to counteract the loss of strength and muscle mass associated with aging; however, individual responses may vary depending on the outcome considered and the timing of assessment. The aim of the present study was to identify responders and non-responders after the first two months of training and to compare the frequency of response in the strength and morphological domains, while also assessing the potential transition to responder status following an additional month of training. Twenty-nine older adults were included in the analysis. Individual response was defined using the Smallest Worthwhile Change (SWC) for maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), 1RM, lean soft tissue (LST), and vastus lateralis (VL) cross-sectional area. At T2, 24/29 participants (82.8%) were classified as responders in the strength domain, whereas 1/29 (3.4%) was classified as a responder in the morphological domain. When considering individual morphological outcomes, 1/29 participants was classified as a responder for LST and 15/29 (51.7%) for VL. Of the five non-responders in the strength domain at T2, four were reclassified as responders at T3; no transitions were observed in the morphological domain. These findings highlight that responder classification depends on the domain, outcome, threshold adopted, and timepoint, supporting a multidimensional approach to the assessment of individual responses to resistance training.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/115479