Study Background: Epidemiological surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) is central to Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) strategies. Point Prevalence Surveys (PPS) estimate the prevalence of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals, identify critical issues, and, when repeated, monitor trends to guide IPC and Antimicrobial Stewardship interventions. Aim of the Study: The primary objective was to estimate the point prevalence of patients with HAIs and antimicrobial use in the acute care hospital surveyed in November 2025, using the ECDC methodology. Secondary objectives: to describe patient characteristics, exposure to invasive devices/procedures, types of HAIs, microorganisms, and antimicrobial use. November 2025 data were compared with PPS conducted in November 2022 and March 2025. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional point prevalence study was conducted on 1,195 acute care inpatients (ECDC protocol). Using ward and individual patient forms, data were collected on demographics, clinical details, device exposure, active HAIs, microorganisms and their resistance profiles, as well as systemic antimicrobial use. Results: Mean age was 59.4 ± 26.4 years; 50.8% male. Overall, 44.5% had an invasive device (urinary catheter 35.4%, central venous catheter 22.4%, intubation 3.3%) and 35.6% had undergone surgery. Antibiotic therapy was present in 42.8% of patients (1.4 antibiotics/person): 65.7% for therapeutic purposes and 27.3% for prophylaxis (nearly 40% extended beyond 24 hours). The proportion of patients with fatal or rapidly fatal disease according to the McCabe score increased: 22.1% (2022), 28.1% (March 2025), and 35.7% (November 2025). Compared to previous surveys, antibiotic use decreased (from 49.5% to 42.8%), with improved documentation of indications. The use of urinary catheters (from 41.1% to 35.4%) and intubations also declined. In November 2025, the prevalence of patients with hospital-acquired HAIs was 7.8%, down from 2022 (9.6%) and March 2025 (8.2%). The most frequent HAIs were surgical site infections (1.7%, increasing), urinary tract infections (1.5%), pneumonia (1.4%), and gastrointestinal infections (0.9%). The proportion of resistant microorganisms fell from 36.2% (2022) to 12.5% (March 2025) and 6.1% (November 2025). Conclusions: A favorable trend emerged, with a reduction in HAI prevalence despite increased clinical complexity. HAI risk remains associated with age, severity, length of stay, and devices. Critical issues persist regarding surgical prophylaxis beyond 24 hours and the rise in surgical site infections. PPS are confirmed as essential tools for monitoring infection risk and guiding prevention strategies.
Presupposti dello studio: La sorveglianza epidemiologica delle Infezioni Correlate all’Assistenza (ICA) è centrale nelle strategie di Infection Prevention and Control (IPC). Le Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) stimano la prevalenza di ICA e l’uso di antimicrobici negli ospedali per acuti, identificano criticità e, se ripetute, monitorano i trend per orientare interventi di IPC e Antimicrobial Stewardship. Scopo dello studio: L’obiettivo principale era stimare la prevalenza puntuale dei pazienti con ICA e dell’uso di antimicrobici nell’ospedale per acuti rilevato a novembre 2025, secondo la metodologia ECDC. Obiettivi secondari: descrivere le caratteristiche dei pazienti, l’esposizione a dispositivi/procedure invasive, le tipologie di ICA, i microrganismi e l’uso di antimicrobici. I dati di novembre 2025 sono stati confrontati con le PPS di novembre 2022 e marzo 2025. Materiali e metodi: Studio osservazionale trasversale di prevalenza puntuale su 1.195 pazienti ricoverati per acuti (protocollo ECDC). Tramite schede di reparto e individuali, sono stati raccolti dati demografici, clinici, esposizione a dispositivi, ICA attive, microrganismi e relative resistenze, oltre all'uso di antimicrobici sistemici. Risultati: Età media 59,4 ± 26,4 anni; 50,8% maschi. Il 44,5% aveva un dispositivo invasivo (catetere urinario 35,4%, catetere venoso centrale 22,4%, intubazione 3,3%) e il 35,6% un intervento chirurgico. Il 42,8% era in terapia antibiotica (1,4 antibiotici/persona): 65,7% a scopo terapeutico e 27,3% di profilassi (quasi il 40% prolungata oltre 24 ore). È aumentata la quota di pazienti con malattia fatale o rapidamente fatale secondo il McCabe score: 22,1% (2022), 28,1% (marzo 2025) e 35,7% (novembre 2025). Rispetto al passato, è diminuito l’uso di antibiotici (dal 49,5% al 42,8%), con un miglioramento nella tracciabilità delle indicazioni. Ridotti anche cateteri urinari (dal 41,1% al 35,4%) e intubazioni. A novembre 2025, la prevalenza di pazienti con ICA ospedaliera è risultata del 7,8%, in calo rispetto a 2022 (9,6%) e marzo 2025 (8,2%). Le ICA più frequenti: infezioni del sito chirurgico (1,7%, in aumento), urinarie (1,5%), polmoniti (1,4%) e gastrointestinali (0,9%). La quota di microrganismi resistenti è scesa dal 36,2% (2022) al 12,5% (marzo 2025) e al 6,1% (novembre 2025). Conclusioni: Si evidenzia un trend favorevole con la riduzione della prevalenza delle ICA a fronte di un'aumentata complessità clinica. Il rischio ICA resta associato a età, gravità, degenza e dispositivi. Permangono criticità nella profilassi chirurgica oltre 24 ore e nell'aumento delle infezioni del sito chirurgico. Le PPS si confermano fondamentali per monitorare il rischio infettivo e orientare le strategie di prevenzione.
Sorveglianza delle infezioni correlate all'assistenza e dell'uso degli antimicrobici: una Point Prevalence Survey in un ospedale per acuti
DEON, GIULIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Study Background: Epidemiological surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) is central to Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) strategies. Point Prevalence Surveys (PPS) estimate the prevalence of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals, identify critical issues, and, when repeated, monitor trends to guide IPC and Antimicrobial Stewardship interventions. Aim of the Study: The primary objective was to estimate the point prevalence of patients with HAIs and antimicrobial use in the acute care hospital surveyed in November 2025, using the ECDC methodology. Secondary objectives: to describe patient characteristics, exposure to invasive devices/procedures, types of HAIs, microorganisms, and antimicrobial use. November 2025 data were compared with PPS conducted in November 2022 and March 2025. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional point prevalence study was conducted on 1,195 acute care inpatients (ECDC protocol). Using ward and individual patient forms, data were collected on demographics, clinical details, device exposure, active HAIs, microorganisms and their resistance profiles, as well as systemic antimicrobial use. Results: Mean age was 59.4 ± 26.4 years; 50.8% male. Overall, 44.5% had an invasive device (urinary catheter 35.4%, central venous catheter 22.4%, intubation 3.3%) and 35.6% had undergone surgery. Antibiotic therapy was present in 42.8% of patients (1.4 antibiotics/person): 65.7% for therapeutic purposes and 27.3% for prophylaxis (nearly 40% extended beyond 24 hours). The proportion of patients with fatal or rapidly fatal disease according to the McCabe score increased: 22.1% (2022), 28.1% (March 2025), and 35.7% (November 2025). Compared to previous surveys, antibiotic use decreased (from 49.5% to 42.8%), with improved documentation of indications. The use of urinary catheters (from 41.1% to 35.4%) and intubations also declined. In November 2025, the prevalence of patients with hospital-acquired HAIs was 7.8%, down from 2022 (9.6%) and March 2025 (8.2%). The most frequent HAIs were surgical site infections (1.7%, increasing), urinary tract infections (1.5%), pneumonia (1.4%), and gastrointestinal infections (0.9%). The proportion of resistant microorganisms fell from 36.2% (2022) to 12.5% (March 2025) and 6.1% (November 2025). Conclusions: A favorable trend emerged, with a reduction in HAI prevalence despite increased clinical complexity. HAI risk remains associated with age, severity, length of stay, and devices. Critical issues persist regarding surgical prophylaxis beyond 24 hours and the rise in surgical site infections. PPS are confirmed as essential tools for monitoring infection risk and guiding prevention strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/116069