Introduction. Obesity is associated with metabolic and inflammatory alterations that may also involve the kidney. Beyond the hemodynamic and systemic effects of excess body weight, growing evidence suggests that renal lipid metabolism may be impaired, leading to ectopic lipid accumulation within the renal parenchyma and potentially contributing to inflammation and tissue injury. This condition, also referred to as fatty kidney or “renal steatosis,” remains incompletely characterized. SGLT2 inhibitors exert renoprotective effects that extend beyond glycemic control and appear to involve energy metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, their potential effect on intrarenal lipid accumulation remains unclear. Objective. To evaluate, in a genetic murine model of obesity caused by leptin deficiency, the effects of dapagliflozin on renal lipid accumulation. Intrarenal triglyceride content, lipid deposition, and the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, α-SMA, PDGF-β, and FGF21 were assessed to explore modulation of the renal metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrogenic profile. Materials and Methods. Twenty-four male mice were divided into four groups: WT, WT treated with dapagliflozin, ob/ob, and ob/ob treated with dapagliflozin. The drug was administered at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg/day for four weeks. Renal triglycerides were measured using a colorimetric assay, lipid deposition was qualitatively assessed by Oil Red O staining, and gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Groups were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Results. Compared with WT mice, untreated ob/ob mice showed higher renal triglyceride content and increased expression of the inflammatory mediators analyzed. Dapagliflozin significantly reduced renal triglyceride content and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas IL-1β and MCP-1 showed no significant differences. Qualitative assessment by Oil Red O staining was consistent with the biochemical findings. Treatment also significantly increased renal FGF21 expression and reduced blood glucose levels, without significantly affecting body weight. No significant changes in α-SMA or PDGF-β were observed. Conclusions. In the ob/ob model, dapagliflozin reduced renal lipid accumulation and selected components of the inflammatory response, while increasing FGF21 expression. These preliminary findings suggest a possible involvement of renal lipid metabolism in the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and warrant further investigation.
Introduzione. L’obesità è associata ad alterazioni metaboliche e infiammatorie che possono coinvolgere anche il rene. Oltre agli effetti emodinamici e sistemici dell’eccesso ponderale, evidenze crescenti suggeriscono un’alterazione del metabolismo lipidico renale, con accumulo ectopico di lipidi nel parenchima e possibile associazione con infiammazione e danno tissutale. Questo fenomeno, definito anche fatty kidney o “rene steatosico”, rimane ancora incompletamente caratterizzato. Gli inibitori di SGLT2 esercitano effetti nefroprotettivi che vanno oltre il controllo glicemico e sembrano coinvolgere anche il metabolismo energetico e la risposta infiammatoria. Rimane tuttavia da chiarire il loro possibile effetto sull’accumulo lipidico intrarenale. Obiettivo. Valutare, in un modello murino genetico di obesità da deficit di leptina, gli effetti di dapagliflozin sull’accumulo lipidico renale. Sono stati analizzati il contenuto intrarenale di trigliceridi, la deposizione lipidica e l’espressione di IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, α-SMA, PDGF-β e FGF21, al fine di esplorare la modulazione del profilo metabolico, infiammatorio e fibrogenico renale. Materiali e metodi. Sono stati studiati 24 topi maschi suddivisi in quattro gruppi: WT, WT trattati con dapagliflozin, ob/ob e ob/ob trattati con dapagliflozin. Il farmaco è stato somministrato alla dose di 0,15 mg/kg/die per quattro settimane. I trigliceridi renali sono stati determinati mediante saggio colorimetrico, la deposizione lipidica valutata qualitativamente mediante Oil Red O e l’espressione genica mediante PCR quantitativa in tempo reale. I gruppi sono stati confrontati mediante ANOVA a una via seguita dal test di Tukey. Risultati. Rispetto ai WT, i topi ob/ob non trattati presentavano un maggiore contenuto renale di trigliceridi e un’aumentata espressione dei mediatori infiammatori analizzati. Dapagliflozin ha ridotto significativamente i trigliceridi renali e l’espressione di IL-6 e TNF-α, mentre IL-1β e MCP-1 non hanno mostrato differenze significative. La valutazione qualitativa mediante Oil Red O risultava coerente con il dato biochimico. Il trattamento ha inoltre aumentato significativamente l’espressione renale di FGF21 e ridotto la glicemia, senza modificare significativamente il peso corporeo. Non sono emerse variazioni significative di α-SMA e PDGF-β. Conclusioni. Nel modello ob/ob, dapagliflozin ha ridotto l’accumulo lipidico renale e alcune componenti della risposta infiammatoria, aumentando l’espressione di FGF21. Questi risultati preliminari suggeriscono un possibile coinvolgimento del metabolismo lipidico renale negli effetti degli SGLT2-inibitori, da approfondire in studi futuri.
Il Dapagliflozin riduce l’infiammazione e la deposizione lipidica nel “rene steatosico” in un modello sperimentale animale di obesità
SCARLASSARA, FRANCESCA
2025/2026
Abstract
Introduction. Obesity is associated with metabolic and inflammatory alterations that may also involve the kidney. Beyond the hemodynamic and systemic effects of excess body weight, growing evidence suggests that renal lipid metabolism may be impaired, leading to ectopic lipid accumulation within the renal parenchyma and potentially contributing to inflammation and tissue injury. This condition, also referred to as fatty kidney or “renal steatosis,” remains incompletely characterized. SGLT2 inhibitors exert renoprotective effects that extend beyond glycemic control and appear to involve energy metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, their potential effect on intrarenal lipid accumulation remains unclear. Objective. To evaluate, in a genetic murine model of obesity caused by leptin deficiency, the effects of dapagliflozin on renal lipid accumulation. Intrarenal triglyceride content, lipid deposition, and the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, α-SMA, PDGF-β, and FGF21 were assessed to explore modulation of the renal metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrogenic profile. Materials and Methods. Twenty-four male mice were divided into four groups: WT, WT treated with dapagliflozin, ob/ob, and ob/ob treated with dapagliflozin. The drug was administered at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg/day for four weeks. Renal triglycerides were measured using a colorimetric assay, lipid deposition was qualitatively assessed by Oil Red O staining, and gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Groups were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Results. Compared with WT mice, untreated ob/ob mice showed higher renal triglyceride content and increased expression of the inflammatory mediators analyzed. Dapagliflozin significantly reduced renal triglyceride content and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas IL-1β and MCP-1 showed no significant differences. Qualitative assessment by Oil Red O staining was consistent with the biochemical findings. Treatment also significantly increased renal FGF21 expression and reduced blood glucose levels, without significantly affecting body weight. No significant changes in α-SMA or PDGF-β were observed. Conclusions. In the ob/ob model, dapagliflozin reduced renal lipid accumulation and selected components of the inflammatory response, while increasing FGF21 expression. These preliminary findings suggest a possible involvement of renal lipid metabolism in the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and warrant further investigation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/116073