This thesis examines how the Italian criminal justice system handles the relevance of cultural motivation, taking female genital mutilation (FGM) as the paradigmatic example of so-called "culturally oriented crimes". It starts from the tension between cultural pluralism and the claim of general validity made by criminal law. It then reconstructs how cultural motivation bears on the structure of an offence, and identifies the models a legal system can adopt in response to cultural diversity, in order to place the Italian approach among them. After reconstructing the phenomenon and the path leading to Law no. 7/2006, the thesis offers a critical analysis of Article 583-bis of the Italian Criminal Code. It considers the provision's technical flaws, including the risk of paralysis posed by the specific intent requirement, the severity of the sanctions, and the possible inconsistency with the treatment of similar practices, such as male circumcision and cosmetic genital surgery. The analysis shows that a provision designed to neutralise the cultural factor sees it return at the evidentiary stage, while sentencing remains the most workable means of tempering the law's rigour. The scarcity of judicial proceedings suggests reading the offence as a measure of mainly symbolic value. A comparison with the common law systems of England and the United States, and with the cultural defence, confirms this diagnosis. Rare enforcement is found in those systems too, while the English model stands out for its extra-criminal instruments of prevention and protection. The thesis concludes that criminal law should be more modest in its claims and be accompanied by a dedicated protective framework, one that the Italian system has yet to build.
L'elaborato indaga il modo in cui l'ordinamento penale italiano gestisce la rilevanza della motivazione culturale, assumendo le mutilazioni genitali femminili (MGF) a paradigma dei c.d. "reati culturalmente orientati". Muovendo dalla tensione tra pluralismo culturale e pretesa di validità generale della norma penale, se ne ricostruisce la rilevanza nella struttura del reato e si individuano i modelli con cui un ordinamento può rispondere alla diversità culturale, per collocarvi la scelta italiana. Ricostruito il fenomeno e il percorso che ha condotto alla l. 7/2006, viene sottoposto ad analisi critica l'art. 583-bis c.p.: le sue disfunzioni tecniche, tra cui il rischio di paralisi legato al dolo specifico, la severità del trattamento sanzionatorio e la possibile incoerenza rispetto a pratiche affini, come la circoncisione maschile e la chirurgia estetica genitale. Si evidenzia così come la norma, costruita per neutralizzare il fattore culturale, ne subisca poi il ritorno in sede di accertamento, mentre il temperamento più praticabile resta la commisurazione della pena. La scarsità dei procedimenti giudiziari induce a leggere la fattispecie come intervento dal valore prevalentemente simbolico. Il confronto con i sistemi di common law, inglese e statunitense, e con la cultural defense conferma tale diagnosi: la scarsa applicazione si ritrova anche in quegli ordinamenti, mentre il modello inglese si distingue per gli strumenti extrapenali di prevenzione e tutela. Ne emerge l'indicazione di un diritto penale più sobrio nelle proprie pretese, affiancato da un apparato di tutela dedicato che l'esperienza italiana non ha ancora costruito.
Le mutilazioni genitali femminili nel contesto dei reati culturalmente orientati
ARIOLI, REBECCA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines how the Italian criminal justice system handles the relevance of cultural motivation, taking female genital mutilation (FGM) as the paradigmatic example of so-called "culturally oriented crimes". It starts from the tension between cultural pluralism and the claim of general validity made by criminal law. It then reconstructs how cultural motivation bears on the structure of an offence, and identifies the models a legal system can adopt in response to cultural diversity, in order to place the Italian approach among them. After reconstructing the phenomenon and the path leading to Law no. 7/2006, the thesis offers a critical analysis of Article 583-bis of the Italian Criminal Code. It considers the provision's technical flaws, including the risk of paralysis posed by the specific intent requirement, the severity of the sanctions, and the possible inconsistency with the treatment of similar practices, such as male circumcision and cosmetic genital surgery. The analysis shows that a provision designed to neutralise the cultural factor sees it return at the evidentiary stage, while sentencing remains the most workable means of tempering the law's rigour. The scarcity of judicial proceedings suggests reading the offence as a measure of mainly symbolic value. A comparison with the common law systems of England and the United States, and with the cultural defence, confirms this diagnosis. Rare enforcement is found in those systems too, while the English model stands out for its extra-criminal instruments of prevention and protection. The thesis concludes that criminal law should be more modest in its claims and be accompanied by a dedicated protective framework, one that the Italian system has yet to build.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/116449