BACKGROUND: Rigid transoral septotomy has progressively become a mainstay of treatment for Zenker diverticulum (ZD), providing a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery and showing high clinical success in several cohorts. We previously demonstrated short-term superiority of a modified transoral septotomy with septum traction (TSST) over the conventional technique (CTS). The present study reports the long-term (5-year) outcomes of this prospective controlled cohort to evaluate durability of symptom control and identify predictors of treatment failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with ZD, undergoing TSST or CTS at our center between 2010 and 2020 were prospectively enrolled and followed for ≥ 5 years. Symptoms were scored using a standardized scoring questionnaire (SS). All patients underwent pre- and post-operative barium swallow and endoscopy. Treatment failure was defined as the need for retreatment and/or when the postoperative SS score was higher than the 10th percentile of their preoperative SS (i.e. >10). RESULTS: Ninety patients were enrolled: 65 in the TSST group and 25 in the CTS group. Overall, 18 patients were lost to follow-up or died for unrelated causes before completing the 5-year follow-up. The median follow-up was 81 months (IQR:64-88) in the TSST group and 93 months (IQR:76-116) in the CTS group (p < 0.01). After 5 years, the postoperative symptom score improved significantly in both groups (p = 0.16), but long-term treatment success rate was substantially higher after TSST (85%) compared to CTS (52%) (p<0.01) (Table 2). Only 2 intraoperative mucosal tears occurred in the TSST group, while none in the CTS group (p=n.s.). No major complications occurred in either group, and the operative time was similar between techniques: 30 minutes (IQR:25-40) in the TSST group, 25 minutes (IQR: 22-35) in the CTS group (p = 0.37). At multivariate analysis, surgical technique (TSST vs CTS) emerged as the sole independent predictor of treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective controlled study confirmed that traction on the septum during transoral septotomy significantly improves the long-term outcome in patients with ZD, with a sustained symptom control at 5 years. These findings are consistent with previous mid-term results reported for this technique and with the outcomes observed in recurrent disease, further supporting TSST as a durable and effective treatment strategy.
PRESUPPOSTI DELLO STUDIO: La settotomia transorale rigida è progressivamente diventata un cardine del trattamento del diverticolo di Zenker (DZ), rappresentando un'alternativa mininvasiva alla chirurgia open e mostrando un elevato successo clinico in diverse casistiche. In precedenza, abbiamo dimostrato la superiorità a breve termine di una settotomia transorale modificata con trazione del setto (TSST) rispetto alla tecnica convenzionale (CTS). Il presente studio riporta gli esiti a lungo termine (5 anni) di questa coorte prospettica controllata, al fine di valutare la durabilità del controllo sintomatologico e identificare i fattori predittivi di fallimento del trattamento. MATERIALI E METODI: Tutti i pazienti con DZ sottoposti a TSST o CTS presso il nostro centro tra il 2010 e il 2020 sono stati arruolati prospetticamente e seguiti per un follow-up ≥5 anni. I sintomi sono stati valutati mediante un questionario standardizzato di punteggio sintomatologico (SS). Tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti a esofagogramma con bario ed endoscopia pre- e post-operatori. Il fallimento del trattamento è stato definito come necessità di ritrattamento e/o punteggio SS postoperatorio superiore al 10° percentile del rispettivo SS preoperatorio (cioè >10). RISULTATI: Sono stati arruolati novanta pazienti: 65 nel gruppo TSST e 25 nel gruppo CTS. Complessivamente, 18 pazienti sono stati persi al follow-up o deceduti per cause non correlate all’intervento prima del completamento del follow-up a 5 anni. Il follow-up mediano è stato di 81 mesi (IQR: 64-88) nel gruppo TSST e di 93 mesi (IQR: 76-116) nel gruppo CTS (p<0,01). Dopo 5 anni, il punteggio sintomatologico postoperatorio è migliorato significativamente in entrambi i gruppi (p=0,16), ma il tasso di successo del trattamento a lungo termine è risultato sostanzialmente più elevato dopo TSST (85%) rispetto a CTS (52%) (p<0,01) (Tabella 2). Si sono verificate solo 2 lacerazioni mucose intraoperatorie nel gruppo TSST, contro nessuna nel gruppo CTS (p=n.s.). Non si sono verificate complicanze maggiori in nessuno dei due gruppi, e il tempo operatorio è risultato simile tra le due tecniche: 30 minuti (IQR: 25-40) nel gruppo TSST, 25 minuti (IQR: 22-35) nel gruppo CTS (p=0,37). All'analisi multivariata, la tecnica chirurgica (TSST vs CTS) è emersa come unico fattore predittivo indipendente di fallimento del trattamento. CONCLUSIONI: Questo studio prospettico controllato ha confermato che la trazione sul setto durante la settotomia transorale migliora significativamente l'esito a lungo termine nei pazienti con DZ, con un controllo sintomatologico mantenuto a 5 anni. Questi risultati sono coerenti con i precedenti dati a medio termine riportati per questa tecnica e con gli esiti osservati nella malattia recidivante, a ulteriore sostegno della TSST come strategia terapeutica efficace e duratura.
Risultati a lungo termine della settotomia transorale con trazione del setto per il diverticolo di Zenker: uno studio prospettico comparativo
CAMPANARI ANDOLFATTO, GIOVANNI
2025/2026
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rigid transoral septotomy has progressively become a mainstay of treatment for Zenker diverticulum (ZD), providing a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery and showing high clinical success in several cohorts. We previously demonstrated short-term superiority of a modified transoral septotomy with septum traction (TSST) over the conventional technique (CTS). The present study reports the long-term (5-year) outcomes of this prospective controlled cohort to evaluate durability of symptom control and identify predictors of treatment failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with ZD, undergoing TSST or CTS at our center between 2010 and 2020 were prospectively enrolled and followed for ≥ 5 years. Symptoms were scored using a standardized scoring questionnaire (SS). All patients underwent pre- and post-operative barium swallow and endoscopy. Treatment failure was defined as the need for retreatment and/or when the postoperative SS score was higher than the 10th percentile of their preoperative SS (i.e. >10). RESULTS: Ninety patients were enrolled: 65 in the TSST group and 25 in the CTS group. Overall, 18 patients were lost to follow-up or died for unrelated causes before completing the 5-year follow-up. The median follow-up was 81 months (IQR:64-88) in the TSST group and 93 months (IQR:76-116) in the CTS group (p < 0.01). After 5 years, the postoperative symptom score improved significantly in both groups (p = 0.16), but long-term treatment success rate was substantially higher after TSST (85%) compared to CTS (52%) (p<0.01) (Table 2). Only 2 intraoperative mucosal tears occurred in the TSST group, while none in the CTS group (p=n.s.). No major complications occurred in either group, and the operative time was similar between techniques: 30 minutes (IQR:25-40) in the TSST group, 25 minutes (IQR: 22-35) in the CTS group (p = 0.37). At multivariate analysis, surgical technique (TSST vs CTS) emerged as the sole independent predictor of treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective controlled study confirmed that traction on the septum during transoral septotomy significantly improves the long-term outcome in patients with ZD, with a sustained symptom control at 5 years. These findings are consistent with previous mid-term results reported for this technique and with the outcomes observed in recurrent disease, further supporting TSST as a durable and effective treatment strategy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/116709