This study evaluates the effectiveness of the ecological restoration of the Lino Lacedelli ski slope in the Cinque Torri–Passo Falzarego ski area (Cortina d’Ampezzo), five years after the revegetation intervention carried out in 2020. Four areas were compared: the donor site (SD), the old ski slope (VP), the restored sector located within the Special Area of Conservation and revegetated using local plant material (SR), and the sector outside the SAC where local material was combined with a commercial seed mixture (SR+Sc). A total of a hundred plots were surveyed through floristic inventories, vegetation-cover estimates and the characterisation of the main environmental variables. Vegetation was assessed through floristic-transfer analyses, biodiversity indices, functional groups, ecological spectra, phytosociological and pastoral evaluations, hierarchical cluster analysis and PCoA. Coverage-weighted Landolt ecological indicator values were also analysed by PCA in order to describe the main ecological gradients associated with the surveyed plant communities. The results indicate that vegetation recovery is well established in the restored sectors, although complete equivalence with the reference communities has not yet been achieved. SR generally shows a more continuous vegetation cover and a more closed sward than SR+Sc, where a larger proportion of exposed substrate remains. Biodiversity indices, however, are relatively similar among sites, suggesting that the recovery of internal diversity and vegetation structure may occur before complete floristic convergence. The classification identified five main vegetation configurations sharing a common matrix attributable to subalpine nutrient-rich grasslands of the Poion alpinae, while differing in floristic composition, vegetation structure, ecological conditions and pastoral characteristics. These groups are distributed along continuous ecological and floristic gradients rather than forming completely discrete communities. Soil depth, slope, exposure and radiation contribute to explaining part of this variability and indicate that the restored sectors are not environmentally equivalent. Pastoral analyses further show that higher forage quality and pastoral value do not necessarily correspond to greater potential grazing capacity, as the latter also depends on site conditions and on the proportion of effectively vegetated surface. Overall, the transfer of local plant material appears to be an effective strategy for initiating the recovery of disturbed high-elevation surfaces. However, the differences observed between SR and SR+Sc cannot be attributed solely to the use of the commercial seed mixture, since the two sectors also differ in environmental conditions and sample size. Long- term monitoring will therefore be necessary to assess the subsequent development of the restored communities and their possible convergence towards the reference vegetation.
Il presente lavoro valuta l’efficacia del restauro ecologico della pista da sci Lino Lacedelli, nel comprensorio Cinque Torri–Passo Falzarego (Cortina d’Ampezzo), a cinque anni dall’intervento di rinverdimento realizzato nel 2020. Sono stati confrontati il sito donatore (SD), la vecchia pista da sci (VP), il settore della nuova pista interno alla Zona Speciale di Conservazione e rinverdito mediante materiale vegetale locale (SR) e il settore esterno alla ZSC, nel quale al materiale locale è stato associato un miscuglio commerciale (SR+Sc). Complessivamente sono state analizzate cento aree di saggio mediante rilievi floristici, stime di copertura e caratterizzazione delle principali variabili stazionali. La vegetazione è stata esaminata attraverso analisi del trasferimento floristico, indici di biodiversità, gruppi funzionali, spettri ecologici, valutazioni fitosociologiche e pastorali, cluster analysis gerarchica e ordinamento PCoA. Gli indici ecologici di Landolt, ponderati per la copertura delle specie, sono stati inoltre utilizzati per descrivere mediante PCA i principali gradienti ecologici associati alle comunità rilevate. I risultati evidenziano un recupero vegetazionale ormai ben avviato nei settori restaurati, sebbene non ancora completamente equivalente alle comunità di riferimento. SR presenta complessivamente una cotica più continua e una maggiore chiusura della vegetazione rispetto a SR+Sc, nel quale permane una maggiore presenza di substrato esposto. Gli indici di biodiversità mostrano valori relativamente prossimi tra i diversi siti, indicando che il recupero della struttura e della diversità interna può precedere la piena convergenza della composizione floristica. La classificazione ha permesso di riconoscere cinque principali configurazioni vegetazionali, riconducibili a una matrice comune di pascoli pingui subalpini del Poion alpinae, ma differenziate per composizione floristica, struttura, condizioni ecologiche e caratteristiche pastorali. Le differenze tra i gruppi si distribuiscono lungo gradienti continui piuttosto che formare comunità completamente separate. Profondità del suolo, pendenza, esposizione e disponibilità di radiazione contribuiscono a spiegare parte di questa variabilità e mostrano come i siti restaurati non siano stazionalmente equivalenti. Le analisi pastorali evidenziano inoltre che una maggiore qualità foraggera e un più elevato valore pastorale non corrispondono necessariamente a una maggiore capacità pastorale potenziale, poiché quest’ultima dipende anche dalle caratteristiche fisiche e dalla copertura effettiva della superficie. Nel complesso, il trasferimento di materiale vegetale locale risulta una strategia efficace per avviare il recupero delle superfici d’alta quota. Le differenze osservate tra SR e SR+Sc non possono tuttavia essere attribuite esclusivamente alla presenza del miscuglio commerciale, poiché i due settori differiscono per condizioni ambientali e numerosità campionaria. Il monitoraggio nel lungo periodo sarà quindi necessario per valutare l’ulteriore evoluzione delle comunità restaurate e la loro eventuale convergenza verso le vegetazioni di riferimento.
Analisi vegetazionale del restauro ecologico sulla pista da sci Lino Lacedelli (Cortina d'Ampezzo)
CAPOTI, EDOARDO
2025/2026
Abstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the ecological restoration of the Lino Lacedelli ski slope in the Cinque Torri–Passo Falzarego ski area (Cortina d’Ampezzo), five years after the revegetation intervention carried out in 2020. Four areas were compared: the donor site (SD), the old ski slope (VP), the restored sector located within the Special Area of Conservation and revegetated using local plant material (SR), and the sector outside the SAC where local material was combined with a commercial seed mixture (SR+Sc). A total of a hundred plots were surveyed through floristic inventories, vegetation-cover estimates and the characterisation of the main environmental variables. Vegetation was assessed through floristic-transfer analyses, biodiversity indices, functional groups, ecological spectra, phytosociological and pastoral evaluations, hierarchical cluster analysis and PCoA. Coverage-weighted Landolt ecological indicator values were also analysed by PCA in order to describe the main ecological gradients associated with the surveyed plant communities. The results indicate that vegetation recovery is well established in the restored sectors, although complete equivalence with the reference communities has not yet been achieved. SR generally shows a more continuous vegetation cover and a more closed sward than SR+Sc, where a larger proportion of exposed substrate remains. Biodiversity indices, however, are relatively similar among sites, suggesting that the recovery of internal diversity and vegetation structure may occur before complete floristic convergence. The classification identified five main vegetation configurations sharing a common matrix attributable to subalpine nutrient-rich grasslands of the Poion alpinae, while differing in floristic composition, vegetation structure, ecological conditions and pastoral characteristics. These groups are distributed along continuous ecological and floristic gradients rather than forming completely discrete communities. Soil depth, slope, exposure and radiation contribute to explaining part of this variability and indicate that the restored sectors are not environmentally equivalent. Pastoral analyses further show that higher forage quality and pastoral value do not necessarily correspond to greater potential grazing capacity, as the latter also depends on site conditions and on the proportion of effectively vegetated surface. Overall, the transfer of local plant material appears to be an effective strategy for initiating the recovery of disturbed high-elevation surfaces. However, the differences observed between SR and SR+Sc cannot be attributed solely to the use of the commercial seed mixture, since the two sectors also differ in environmental conditions and sample size. Long- term monitoring will therefore be necessary to assess the subsequent development of the restored communities and their possible convergence towards the reference vegetation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/116762