This thesis examines the organization of bilingual education in early childhood (0-3 years), comparing the Italian and Spanish models. After reconstructing, in the first chapter, the main theoretical foundations of early bilingualism, the work separately analyzes the regulatory framework and concrete experiences of the two countries, before comparing them in the concluding chapter. The initial hypothesis, according to which Italy and Spain, despite being similar in terms of history and constitutional framework, developed different approaches to the language issue, is confirmed, but with one clarification: the difference depends mainly on the type of language involved. For languages with territorial roots (Catalan, Basque, Galician), Spain has a solid constitutional and regulatory framework, which is absent in the Italian case, where bilingualism remains confined to border regions. For English-medium bilingualism, which lacks any identity-based ties, the two countries instead show very similar dynamics: territorial fragmentation, the absence of systematic national monitoring, and dependence on the initiative of individual local bodies or the private sector. The comparison finally makes it possible to identify some aspects of the Spanish model that could offer useful points of reflection for the Italian context.
Questa tesi indaga l'organizzazione dell'educazione bilingue nella prima infanzia (0-3 anni), confrontando il modello italiano e quello spagnolo. Dopo aver ricostruito, nel primo capitolo, i principali fondamenti teorici del bilinguismo precoce, il lavoro analizza separatamente il quadro normativo e le esperienze concrete dei due paesi, per poi metterli a confronto nel capitolo conclusivo. L'ipotesi di partenza, secondo cui Italia e Spagna, pur simili per storia e impianto costituzionale, avrebbero sviluppato approcci diversi alla questione linguistica, trova conferma, ma con una precisazione: la differenza dipende soprattutto dal tipo di lingua coinvolta. Per le lingue con radici territoriali (catalano, euskera, galiziano), la Spagna dispone di una cornice costituzionale e normativa solida, assente nel caso italiano, in cui il bilinguismo resta confinato alle regioni di confine. Per il bilinguismo con l'inglese, privo di legami identitari, i due paesi mostrano invece dinamiche molto simili: frammentazione territoriale, assenza di un monitoraggio nazionale sistematico, dipendenza dall'iniziativa di singoli enti locali o del settore privato. Il confronto permette infine di individuare alcuni aspetti del modello spagnolo che potrebbero offrire spunti di riflessione utili per il contesto italiano.
L'educazione bilingue nella prima infanzia: il confronto tra il modello italiano e quello spagnolo
ZOTTI, ELENA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the organization of bilingual education in early childhood (0-3 years), comparing the Italian and Spanish models. After reconstructing, in the first chapter, the main theoretical foundations of early bilingualism, the work separately analyzes the regulatory framework and concrete experiences of the two countries, before comparing them in the concluding chapter. The initial hypothesis, according to which Italy and Spain, despite being similar in terms of history and constitutional framework, developed different approaches to the language issue, is confirmed, but with one clarification: the difference depends mainly on the type of language involved. For languages with territorial roots (Catalan, Basque, Galician), Spain has a solid constitutional and regulatory framework, which is absent in the Italian case, where bilingualism remains confined to border regions. For English-medium bilingualism, which lacks any identity-based ties, the two countries instead show very similar dynamics: territorial fragmentation, the absence of systematic national monitoring, and dependence on the initiative of individual local bodies or the private sector. The comparison finally makes it possible to identify some aspects of the Spanish model that could offer useful points of reflection for the Italian context.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/117129