In recent years, migration has increasingly become a tool of political and geopolitical pressure in international relations. Several third countries have deliberately directed migratory flows towards the external borders of the European Union with the aim of exerting pressure on the European institutions or on individual Member States. In response to these developments, the European Union has progressively developed the concept of the instrumentalisation of migration, framing it as a form of hybrid threat to European security. This evolution has found significant legal expression in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum and, in particular, in Regulation (EU) 2024/1356 on situations of crisis, force majeure and instrumentalisation in the field of migration and asylum, which establishes a legal framework enabling Member States to adopt exceptional measures in response to situations involving the instrumentalisation of migratory movements. The thesis aims to examine the origins and development of the concept of the instrumentalisation of migration within the legal order of the European Union, analysing its gradual emergence in institutional practice and its subsequent codification in Regulation (EU) 2024/1356. Particular attention will be devoted to the legal framework established by this Regulation, the conditions governing its application, the instruments it makes available to Member States, and the relationship between the Union's security interests and the protection of the fundamental rights of migrants. The primary objective of the research is to assess whether the measures introduced by the new Regulation achieve an appropriate balance between the need to counter the instrumentalisation of migration and the obligation to ensure respect for fundamental rights. The study therefore seeks to provide a critical assessment of the European Union's new legal framework on the instrumentalisation of migration, examining the extent to which the Union may protect its external borders and safeguard its security without undermining the fundamental rights and guarantees afforded to migrants.
Negli ultimi anni la migrazione è divenuta uno strumento di pressione politica e geopolitica sempre più utilizzato nelle relazioni internazionali. Alcuni Stati terzi hanno indirizzato i flussi migratori verso le frontiere esterne dell'Unione europea con l'obiettivo di esercitare pressioni sulle istituzioni europee o sugli Stati membri. Di fronte a tali fenomeni, l'Unione europea ha progressivamente elaborato la nozione di "strumentalizzazione della migrazione", qualificandola come una forma di minaccia ibrida alla sicurezza europea. Questa evoluzione ha trovato una significativa codificazione nel Nuovo Patto sulla Migrazione e l'Asilo e nel Regolamento (UE) 2024/1356 relativo alle situazioni di crisi, di forza maggiore e di strumentalizzazione della migrazione e dell'asilo, che introduce un quadro giuridico volto a consentire agli Stati membri di adottare misure eccezionali nei confronti dei flussi migratori strumentalizzati. La tesi intende ricostruire l'origine e l'evoluzione della nozione di strumentalizzazione nell'ordinamento dell'Unione europea, analizzandone la progressiva affermazione nella prassi istituzionale fino alla sua codificazione normativa nel Regolamento (UE) 2024/1356. Particolare attenzione sarà dedicata alla disciplina introdotta da tale regolamento, ai presupposti per la sua applicazione, agli strumenti che esso mette a disposizione degli Stati membri e al rapporto tra le esigenze di sicurezza dell'Unione e la tutela dei diritti fondamentali dei migranti. L'obiettivo principale della ricerca sarà verificare se le misure previste dal nuovo regolamento rappresentino un equilibrio adeguato tra la necessità di contrastare la strumentalizzazione della migrazione e l'obbligo di garantire il rispetto dei diritti fondamentali. La ricerca si propone quindi di offrire una riflessione critica sulla nuova disciplina europea della strumentalizzazione della migrazione, interrogandosi sui limiti entro i quali l'Unione europea possa difendere le proprie frontiere e la propria sicurezza senza compromettere le garanzie fondamentali.
La nozione di "strumentalizzazione della migrazione" nelle politiche dell'Unione Europea alla luce del Regolamento UE 2024/1359
CERESOLI, ANNA
2025/2026
Abstract
In recent years, migration has increasingly become a tool of political and geopolitical pressure in international relations. Several third countries have deliberately directed migratory flows towards the external borders of the European Union with the aim of exerting pressure on the European institutions or on individual Member States. In response to these developments, the European Union has progressively developed the concept of the instrumentalisation of migration, framing it as a form of hybrid threat to European security. This evolution has found significant legal expression in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum and, in particular, in Regulation (EU) 2024/1356 on situations of crisis, force majeure and instrumentalisation in the field of migration and asylum, which establishes a legal framework enabling Member States to adopt exceptional measures in response to situations involving the instrumentalisation of migratory movements. The thesis aims to examine the origins and development of the concept of the instrumentalisation of migration within the legal order of the European Union, analysing its gradual emergence in institutional practice and its subsequent codification in Regulation (EU) 2024/1356. Particular attention will be devoted to the legal framework established by this Regulation, the conditions governing its application, the instruments it makes available to Member States, and the relationship between the Union's security interests and the protection of the fundamental rights of migrants. The primary objective of the research is to assess whether the measures introduced by the new Regulation achieve an appropriate balance between the need to counter the instrumentalisation of migration and the obligation to ensure respect for fundamental rights. The study therefore seeks to provide a critical assessment of the European Union's new legal framework on the instrumentalisation of migration, examining the extent to which the Union may protect its external borders and safeguard its security without undermining the fundamental rights and guarantees afforded to migrants.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/117777