This thesis examines the phenomenon of human trafficking within the framework of contemporary international law, focusing on the relationship between the repression of transnational organized crime and the protection of fundamental human rights. Since the adoption of the Palermo Protocol in 2000, the international community has progressively developed legal instruments and monitoring mechanisms aimed at preventing and combating trafficking, while imposing specific obligations on States concerning cooperation and criminal enforcement. At the same time, an international system for the protection of human rights has evolved in order to ensure that criminal justice measures are carried out in compliance with fundamental guarantees and individual freedoms. The study provides a comparative analysis of the main international anti-trafficking systems — namely the European, United Nations, and United States frameworks — highlighting their structural differences, enforcement mechanisms, and influence on State policies. Particular attention is devoted to the case of Stefano Conti, examined as a significant case study illustrating the tensions that may arise between international pressure, criminal prosecution, and the protection of human rights. The research ultimately aims to assess whether the coexistence of multiple international monitoring systems effectively promotes a balance between security needs and fundamental rights, or whether it risks undermining such equilibrium.
La presente ricerca analizza il fenomeno della tratta di esseri umani nel quadro del diritto internazionale contemporaneo, soffermandosi sul rapporto tra esigenze di repressione della criminalità organizzata transnazionale e tutela dei diritti fondamentali dell’individuo. A partire dal Protocollo di Palermo del 2000, la comunità internazionale ha progressivamente elaborato strumenti normativi e meccanismi di monitoraggio finalizzati alla prevenzione e al contrasto della tratta, imponendo agli Stati obblighi di cooperazione e repressione. Parallelamente, si è consolidato un sistema internazionale di protezione dei diritti umani volto a garantire il rispetto delle garanzie fondamentali anche nell’ambito dell’azione penale. L’elaborato propone un’analisi comparata dei principali sistemi internazionali di contrasto alla tratta — europeo, delle Nazioni Unite e statunitense — evidenziandone differenze strutturali, modalità di enforcement e capacità di incidere sulle politiche degli Stati. Particolare attenzione è dedicata al caso di Stefano Conti, esaminato quale caso di studio emblematico delle tensioni che possono emergere tra pressione internazionale, repressione penale e tutela dei diritti umani. L’obiettivo della ricerca è valutare se la pluralità dei meccanismi internazionali contribuisca effettivamente a un equilibrio tra sicurezza e garanzie fondamentali oppure rischi di comprometterlo.
Sistemi di monitoraggio e livelli di enforcement nella lotta internazionale alla tratta di esseri umani: il caso Stefano Conti
COLLOVINI, FILIPPO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the phenomenon of human trafficking within the framework of contemporary international law, focusing on the relationship between the repression of transnational organized crime and the protection of fundamental human rights. Since the adoption of the Palermo Protocol in 2000, the international community has progressively developed legal instruments and monitoring mechanisms aimed at preventing and combating trafficking, while imposing specific obligations on States concerning cooperation and criminal enforcement. At the same time, an international system for the protection of human rights has evolved in order to ensure that criminal justice measures are carried out in compliance with fundamental guarantees and individual freedoms. The study provides a comparative analysis of the main international anti-trafficking systems — namely the European, United Nations, and United States frameworks — highlighting their structural differences, enforcement mechanisms, and influence on State policies. Particular attention is devoted to the case of Stefano Conti, examined as a significant case study illustrating the tensions that may arise between international pressure, criminal prosecution, and the protection of human rights. The research ultimately aims to assess whether the coexistence of multiple international monitoring systems effectively promotes a balance between security needs and fundamental rights, or whether it risks undermining such equilibrium.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/117779