This thesis addresses the crisis of contemporary political leadership, contending that it is not attributable to deficiencies in competence or institutional malfunctions, but rather to the progressive dissolution of the sense of responsibility as the constitutive core of the leadership function. The analysis unfolds through a comparison between two authors who are historically and geographically distant, yet reach similar conclusions: the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset and the American historian Christopher Lasch. Regarding the former, the study examines the figure of the ≪hombre-masa≫ and its counterpart, the ≪minoría selecta≫, with particular attention to the phenomenon of ≪hiperdemocracia≫ and its repercussions on the legitimacy of political guidance. Regarding the latter, the thesis analyzes the argument developed in The Revolt of the Elites, according to which contemporary ruling classes have betrayed their assigned function by adopting the same mentality that Ortega attributed to the mass-man, namely, enjoying the privileges of their position without feeling its obligations, and by severing the bonds of belonging that formed the foundation of their responsibility toward the social body. The third chapter draws a balance of the analogies between the two authors and introduces the thought of Hans Jonas, focusing in particular on his essay The Imperative of Responsibility, in order to outline the profile of the authentic leader: one who lives for politics and not off it, who measures their choices not by immediate consensus but by long-term effectiveness, and who perceives their position as an obligation toward the community. The conclusion shows how the reflections of Ortega, Lasch, and Jonas converge in identifying responsibility not as an accessory virtue, but as the very condition of the legitimacy of political government, offering at once an interpretative key to the current crisis and a direction for overcoming it.
La presente tesi affronta il tema della crisi della leadership politica contemporanea, sostenendo che essa non sia riconducibile a carenze di competenza o a disfunzioni istituzionali, ma alla progressiva dissoluzione del senso di responsabilità come nucleo costitutivo della funzione di guida. L'analisi si sviluppa attraverso il confronto tra due autori storicamente e geograficamente distanti, ma che giungono a conclusioni simili: il filosofo spagnolo José Ortega y Gasset e lo storico americano Christopher Lasch. Del primo viene esaminata la figura dell'≪hombre-masa≫ e il suo contraltare, la ≪minoría selecta≫, con particolare attenzione al fenomeno dell'≪hiperdemocracia≫ e alle sue ricadute sulla legittimità della guida politica. Del secondo viene analizzata la tesi, sviluppata ne La rivolta delle élite, secondo cui le classi dirigenti contemporanee hanno tradito la funzione loro assegnata, adottando la stessa mentalità che Ortega attribuiva all'uomo-massa, ovvero godere dei privilegi della posizione senza sentirne gli obblighi, e recidendo i legami di appartenenza che costituivano il fondamento della loro responsabilità verso il corpo sociale. Il terzo capitolo traccia un bilancio delle analogie tra i due autori e introduce il pensiero di Hans Jonas, soffermandosi in particolare sul suo saggio Il principio responsabilità, per cercare di delineare il profilo del leader autentico, ovvero colui che vive per la politica e non di essa, che misura le proprie scelte non sul consenso immediato ma sull'efficacia a lungo termine, e che sente la propria posizione come obbligo verso la comunità. La conclusione mostra come le riflessioni di Ortega, Lasch e Jonas convergono nell'identificare la responsabilità non come una virtù accessoria, ma come la condizione stessa della legittimità del governo politico, offrendo al tempo stesso una chiave interpretativa della crisi attuale e un orientamento per uscirne.
Principio di responsabilità e leadership politica nel pensiero di José Ortega y Gasset e Christopher Lasch
DE LONGHI, MILA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis addresses the crisis of contemporary political leadership, contending that it is not attributable to deficiencies in competence or institutional malfunctions, but rather to the progressive dissolution of the sense of responsibility as the constitutive core of the leadership function. The analysis unfolds through a comparison between two authors who are historically and geographically distant, yet reach similar conclusions: the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset and the American historian Christopher Lasch. Regarding the former, the study examines the figure of the ≪hombre-masa≫ and its counterpart, the ≪minoría selecta≫, with particular attention to the phenomenon of ≪hiperdemocracia≫ and its repercussions on the legitimacy of political guidance. Regarding the latter, the thesis analyzes the argument developed in The Revolt of the Elites, according to which contemporary ruling classes have betrayed their assigned function by adopting the same mentality that Ortega attributed to the mass-man, namely, enjoying the privileges of their position without feeling its obligations, and by severing the bonds of belonging that formed the foundation of their responsibility toward the social body. The third chapter draws a balance of the analogies between the two authors and introduces the thought of Hans Jonas, focusing in particular on his essay The Imperative of Responsibility, in order to outline the profile of the authentic leader: one who lives for politics and not off it, who measures their choices not by immediate consensus but by long-term effectiveness, and who perceives their position as an obligation toward the community. The conclusion shows how the reflections of Ortega, Lasch, and Jonas converge in identifying responsibility not as an accessory virtue, but as the very condition of the legitimacy of political government, offering at once an interpretative key to the current crisis and a direction for overcoming it.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/117789