Contemporary motherhood is situated within a context marked by profound demographic and social changes, including persistently low fertility, declining birth rates, and the progressive postponement of the transition to parenthood. In particular, the increasing age at motherhood has become an increasingly relevant phenomenon, shaped by the interaction of individual, economic, social, and institutional factors and associated with specific implications for maternal and perinatal health. This thesis analyses delayed motherhood from a multidimensional perspective, integrating demographic analysis with an examination of policies and interventions aimed at protecting maternal health. After exploring the concept of fertility and its main determinants, the study examines demographic trends in Italy, the decline in births, and the progressive increase in the age at motherhood in Italy and within the broader European context. Particular attention is given to the gap between reproductive intentions and actual reproductive behaviours, as well as to the conditions that may contribute to the postponement of parenthood. The analysis then focuses on the implications of advanced maternal age for women’s health and on health promotion and prevention interventions, with particular attention to the case of Emilia-Romagna and to the role of local healthcare services, family counselling centres, and the maternity care pathway. Finally, the perspective is extended to the international governance of maternal and perinatal health through an examination of the main strategies promoted by the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and other international organizations. The thesis connects changes in reproductive behaviours with broader transformations affecting motherhood and the protection of maternal and perinatal health. By examining different levels of intervention, from the regional to the international level, the analysis highlights the role of health policies and services in responding to the needs arising from changes in the timing and patterns of motherhood, with particular attention to prevention, quality of care, and continuity of care.
La maternità contemporanea si inserisce in un contesto caratterizzato da profondi cambiamenti demografici e sociali, tra cui la persistente bassa fecondità, la diminuzione delle nascite e il progressivo rinvio della transizione alla genitorialità. In particolare, l’aumento dell’età alla maternità rappresenta un fenomeno di crescente rilevanza, determinato dall’interazione tra fattori individuali, economici, sociali e istituzionali e associato a specifiche implicazioni per la salute materna e perinatale. La presente tesi analizza il fenomeno della maternità tardiva attraverso una prospettiva multidimensionale, integrando l’analisi demografica con quella delle politiche e degli interventi rivolti alla tutela della salute materna. Dopo aver approfondito il concetto di fecondità e i suoi principali determinanti, il lavoro esamina l’evoluzione demografica italiana, il calo delle nascite e il progressivo aumento dell’età alla maternità in Italia e nel più ampio contesto europeo. Particolare attenzione è dedicata al divario tra intenzioni riproduttive e comportamenti effettivi e alle condizioni che possono contribuire al rinvio della genitorialità. L’analisi si concentra successivamente sulle implicazioni della maternità in età avanzata per la salute della donna e sugli interventi di prevenzione e promozione della salute, approfondendo il caso dell’Emilia-Romagna e il ruolo dei servizi territoriali, dei Consultori e del percorso nascita. Infine, la prospettiva viene estesa alla governance internazionale della salute materna e perinatale, attraverso l’esame delle principali strategie promosse dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, dalle Nazioni Unite e da altri organismi internazionali. La tesi mette in relazione l’evoluzione dei comportamenti riproduttivi con le trasformazioni che interessano la maternità e la tutela della salute materna e perinatale. L’analisi dei diversi livelli di intervento, da quello regionale a quello internazionale, consente di evidenziare il ruolo delle politiche sanitarie e dei servizi nel rispondere ai bisogni che accompagnano i cambiamenti nei tempi e nelle modalità della maternità, ponendo particolare attenzione alla prevenzione, alla qualità dell’assistenza e alla continuità dei percorsi di cura.
Maternità tardiva e politiche per la salute materna: un'analisi demografica tra livello locale e governance internazionale
FARIS, AMINA
2025/2026
Abstract
Contemporary motherhood is situated within a context marked by profound demographic and social changes, including persistently low fertility, declining birth rates, and the progressive postponement of the transition to parenthood. In particular, the increasing age at motherhood has become an increasingly relevant phenomenon, shaped by the interaction of individual, economic, social, and institutional factors and associated with specific implications for maternal and perinatal health. This thesis analyses delayed motherhood from a multidimensional perspective, integrating demographic analysis with an examination of policies and interventions aimed at protecting maternal health. After exploring the concept of fertility and its main determinants, the study examines demographic trends in Italy, the decline in births, and the progressive increase in the age at motherhood in Italy and within the broader European context. Particular attention is given to the gap between reproductive intentions and actual reproductive behaviours, as well as to the conditions that may contribute to the postponement of parenthood. The analysis then focuses on the implications of advanced maternal age for women’s health and on health promotion and prevention interventions, with particular attention to the case of Emilia-Romagna and to the role of local healthcare services, family counselling centres, and the maternity care pathway. Finally, the perspective is extended to the international governance of maternal and perinatal health through an examination of the main strategies promoted by the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and other international organizations. The thesis connects changes in reproductive behaviours with broader transformations affecting motherhood and the protection of maternal and perinatal health. By examining different levels of intervention, from the regional to the international level, the analysis highlights the role of health policies and services in responding to the needs arising from changes in the timing and patterns of motherhood, with particular attention to prevention, quality of care, and continuity of care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/117799