TikTok has introduced a mode of media consumption characterized by a continuous succession of short videos, algorithmic personalization, and an interface that makes moving from one piece of content to the next particularly immediate. This thesis examines the relationship between these features, the cognitive processes involved in using the platform, and the development of problematic patterns of use, considering their possible implications for attention, memory, and psychological well-being. Through a critical analysis of the scientific literature, the study explores the functioning of the For You Page and several interface features, including infinite scrolling, autoplay, notifications, and the simplicity of the swipe gesture. It also investigates the role of heuristics, cognitive biases, familiarity, repetition, and automatic processes in content evaluation and continued platform use. The evidence considered indicates that personalization and the continuity of the user experience may contribute to the formation of routines and make continued scrolling more immediate, without necessarily resulting in problematic use. Problematic use does not simply coincide with the frequency or duration of engagement but is characterized by loss of control, conflict with other goals, and interference with everyday activities and relationships. The studies examined show more consistent associations with attentional difficulties and inhibitory control, whereas the evidence concerning memory is more limited and mainly relates to specific processes. At the psychological level, outcomes vary according to the content encountered, the forms of social comparison involved, and individual characteristics. The predominantly correlational nature of the available research does not allow unequivocal causal effects to be attributed to TikTok and suggests a bidirectional relationship between users’ vulnerabilities and their experiences on the platform. Overall, problematic use appears to arise from the interaction between design, content, habits, and individual conditions. Awareness of one’s own behaviour and the adoption of self-regulation strategies therefore play a central role in keeping platform use consistent with the goals and activities of everyday life.
TikTok ha introdotto una modalità di fruizione caratterizzata dalla successione continua di video brevi, dalla personalizzazione algoritmica e da un’interfaccia che rende particolarmente immediato il passaggio da un contenuto al successivo. La presente tesi analizza il rapporto tra queste caratteristiche, i processi cognitivi coinvolti nell’utilizzo della piattaforma e lo sviluppo di modalità di fruizione problematiche, considerando le possibili implicazioni per l’attenzione, la memoria e il benessere psicologico. Attraverso un’analisi critica della letteratura scientifica, il lavoro esamina il funzionamento della For You Page e alcuni elementi dell’interfaccia, tra cui infinite scroll, autoplay, notifiche e semplicità dello swipe. Approfondisce inoltre il ruolo di euristiche, bias cognitivi, familiarità, ripetizione e automatismi nella valutazione dei contenuti e nella prosecuzione dell’utilizzo. Le evidenze considerate indicano che la personalizzazione e la continuità dell’esperienza possono favorire la formazione di routine e rendere più immediata la possibilità di continuare a scorrere, senza tuttavia determinare automaticamente un uso problematico. Quest’ultimo non coincide infatti con la semplice frequenza o durata della fruizione, ma si caratterizza per la presenza di perdita di controllo, conflitto con altri obiettivi e interferenze con attività e relazioni quotidiane. Gli studi esaminati mostrano associazioni più consistenti con difficoltà attentive e di controllo inibitorio, mentre le evidenze relative alla memoria risultano più circoscritte e riferite soprattutto a processi specifici. Sul piano psicologico, gli esiti variano in funzione dei contenuti incontrati, delle forme di confronto sociale e delle caratteristiche individuali. La natura prevalentemente correlazionale degli studi non consente di attribuire a TikTok effetti causali univoci e suggerisce una relazione bidirezionale tra le vulnerabilità dell’utente e l’esperienza maturata sulla piattaforma. Nel complesso, l’uso problematico emerge dall’interazione tra design, contenuti, abitudini e condizioni individuali. La consapevolezza del proprio comportamento e l’adozione di strategie di autoregolazione assumono pertanto un ruolo centrale nel mantenere l’utilizzo della piattaforma coerente con gli obiettivi e le attività della vita quotidiana.
Il ruolo del design algoritmico di TikTok nell’uso problematico: effetti su attenzione, memoria e benessere psicologico
ZANOVELLO, MARIA VITTORIA
2025/2026
Abstract
TikTok has introduced a mode of media consumption characterized by a continuous succession of short videos, algorithmic personalization, and an interface that makes moving from one piece of content to the next particularly immediate. This thesis examines the relationship between these features, the cognitive processes involved in using the platform, and the development of problematic patterns of use, considering their possible implications for attention, memory, and psychological well-being. Through a critical analysis of the scientific literature, the study explores the functioning of the For You Page and several interface features, including infinite scrolling, autoplay, notifications, and the simplicity of the swipe gesture. It also investigates the role of heuristics, cognitive biases, familiarity, repetition, and automatic processes in content evaluation and continued platform use. The evidence considered indicates that personalization and the continuity of the user experience may contribute to the formation of routines and make continued scrolling more immediate, without necessarily resulting in problematic use. Problematic use does not simply coincide with the frequency or duration of engagement but is characterized by loss of control, conflict with other goals, and interference with everyday activities and relationships. The studies examined show more consistent associations with attentional difficulties and inhibitory control, whereas the evidence concerning memory is more limited and mainly relates to specific processes. At the psychological level, outcomes vary according to the content encountered, the forms of social comparison involved, and individual characteristics. The predominantly correlational nature of the available research does not allow unequivocal causal effects to be attributed to TikTok and suggests a bidirectional relationship between users’ vulnerabilities and their experiences on the platform. Overall, problematic use appears to arise from the interaction between design, content, habits, and individual conditions. Awareness of one’s own behaviour and the adoption of self-regulation strategies therefore play a central role in keeping platform use consistent with the goals and activities of everyday life.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/117993