This thesis work focuses on the optimization and fluid dynamic analysis of a commercial reed valve designed for a high-performance two-stroke kart engine (Iame OK 125 cc). The main objective is the study of the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) governing the reed motion, in order to develop a fast and accurate predictive model capable of replacing computationally expensive coupled numerical simulations. Starting from the geometric measurements of the real component, a computational model was built within the COMSOL Multiphysics environment. Although the original reed was made of a composite material (epoxy matrix reinforced with woven carbon fiber, with orthotropic properties), the investigation was extended to three different materials to evaluate their dynamic response: carbon fiber composite, AISI 4340 steel, and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. The FSI simulations were conducted by imposing four different sinusoidal inlet pressures (10, 20, 30, and 40 kPa), carrying out a systematic comparison between laminar and turbulent flow regimes. For each simulated configuration, the time evolution of the main flow parameters was extracted: reed lift, axial velocity, and outlet fluid pressure. The extrapolation of the maximum values of these parameters allowed for the construction of interpolation curves as a function of the inlet pressure. Exploiting the equations of these analytically derived curves, a code was developed in the Matlab environment capable of predicting the system's behavior for any pressure within the operating range of 10-40 kPa. The validation of the Matlab model, performed on intermediate input pressures (15, 25, and 35 kPa), demonstrated high computational efficiency and remarkable accuracy, recording a deviation of less than 3% compared to the FSI simulations. Furthermore, a dedicated analytical method was formulated for calculating the reed lift, guaranteeing a maximum error of 1.7%. Finally, the study is completed with a sensitivity analysis aimed at quantifying the impact of the reed thickness variation on the maximum lift and on the overall fluid dynamic performance of the system.
Il presente lavoro di tesi si focalizza sull'ottimizzazione e sull'analisi fluidodinamica di un pacco lamellare commerciale destinato a un motore a due tempi per uso kartistico ad alte prestazioni (lame OK 125 cc). L'obiettivo principale è lo studio dell'interazione fluido struttura (FSI) che governa il moto della lamella, al fine di sviluppare un modello predittivo rapido e accurato in grado di sostituire le gravose simulazioni numeriche accoppiate. A partire dai rilievi geometrici del componente reale, è stato costruito un modello computazionale all'interno dell'ambiente COMSOL Multiphysics. Sebbene la lamella originale fosse realizzata in materiale composito (matrice epossidica rinforzata con fibra di carbonio di tipo woven, con proprietà ortotrope), l'indagine è stata estesa a tre differenti materiali per valutarne la risposta dinamica: il composito in fibra di carbonio, l'acciaio AISI 4340 e la lega di titanio Ti-6Al-4V. Le simulazioni FSI sono state condotte imponendo quattro differenti pressioni sinusoidali all'ingresso (10, 20, 30 e 40 kPa), operando un confronto sistematico tra regime di flusso laminare e turbolento. Per ogni configurazione simulata è stata estratta l'evoluzione temporale dei principali parametri di flusso: alzata della lamella, velocità assiale e pressione del fluido in uscita. L'estrapolazione dei valori massimi di tali parametri ha permesso di costruire delle curve di interpolazione in funzione della pressione di ingresso. Sfruttando le equazioni di queste curve ricavate analiticamente, è stato sviluppato un codice in ambiente Matlab capace di prevedere il comportamento del sistema per qualsiasi pressione compresa nel range operativo di 10-40 kPa. La validazione del modello Matlab, effettuata su pressioni di input intermedie (15, 25 e 35 kPa), ha dimostrato un'elevata efficienza computazionale e una notevole accuratezza, registrando uno scostamento rispetto alle simulazioni FSI inferiore al 3%. Inoltre, è stato formulato un metodo analitico dedicato per il calcolo dell'alzata della lamella che garantisce un errore massimo dell'1,7%. Infine, lo studio si completa con un'analisi di sensibilità volta a quantificare l'impatto della variazione di spessore della lamella sull'alzata massima e sulle prestazioni fluidodinamiche complessive del sistema.
Analisi dell'interazione fluido-struttura in una valvola lamellare di un motore a due tempi per kart
RUBEGA, DANIEL
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis work focuses on the optimization and fluid dynamic analysis of a commercial reed valve designed for a high-performance two-stroke kart engine (Iame OK 125 cc). The main objective is the study of the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) governing the reed motion, in order to develop a fast and accurate predictive model capable of replacing computationally expensive coupled numerical simulations. Starting from the geometric measurements of the real component, a computational model was built within the COMSOL Multiphysics environment. Although the original reed was made of a composite material (epoxy matrix reinforced with woven carbon fiber, with orthotropic properties), the investigation was extended to three different materials to evaluate their dynamic response: carbon fiber composite, AISI 4340 steel, and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. The FSI simulations were conducted by imposing four different sinusoidal inlet pressures (10, 20, 30, and 40 kPa), carrying out a systematic comparison between laminar and turbulent flow regimes. For each simulated configuration, the time evolution of the main flow parameters was extracted: reed lift, axial velocity, and outlet fluid pressure. The extrapolation of the maximum values of these parameters allowed for the construction of interpolation curves as a function of the inlet pressure. Exploiting the equations of these analytically derived curves, a code was developed in the Matlab environment capable of predicting the system's behavior for any pressure within the operating range of 10-40 kPa. The validation of the Matlab model, performed on intermediate input pressures (15, 25, and 35 kPa), demonstrated high computational efficiency and remarkable accuracy, recording a deviation of less than 3% compared to the FSI simulations. Furthermore, a dedicated analytical method was formulated for calculating the reed lift, guaranteeing a maximum error of 1.7%. Finally, the study is completed with a sensitivity analysis aimed at quantifying the impact of the reed thickness variation on the maximum lift and on the overall fluid dynamic performance of the system.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118118