The monitoring of heavy metal contamination in water bodies represents a crucial challenge, requiring the development of rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective analytical techniques. In this context, sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) offer significant advantages in terms of selectivity and optical properties. This thesis project aims to synthesize and characterize three different types of plasmonic nanosensors based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), evaluating and comparing their analytical response towards two specific heavy metals present in aqueous solution: cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni). The experimental strategy involved obtaining the gold nanoparticles through laser ablation in liquid (LAL), a clean method that avoids the use of chemical reducing agents, followed by a subsequent surface functionalization phase to differentiate the three sensors. Optical characterization and the study of the nanosensors' response to different metal concentrations were conducted via UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, monitoring the shift and variation of the plasmonic band. The main results indicate that each nanosensor exhibits an intrinsic selectivity linked to its own functionalization: the same sensor provides analogous and comparable responses between cobalt and nickel, but shows a distinct behavior compared to the other two studied systems. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of laser ablation and UV-Vis optical calibration, laying the foundation for the development of sensor platforms dedicated to the selective detection of individual metals in environmental monitoring.
Il monitoraggio della contaminazione da metalli pesanti nelle acque rappresenta una sfida cruciale, che richiede lo sviluppo di tecniche di analisi rapide, sensibili ed economiche. In questo contesto, i sensori basati sulla risonanza plasmonica di superficie (LSPR) offrono notevoli vantaggi in termini di selettività e proprietà ottiche. Il presente lavoro di tesi si propone l'obiettivo di sintetizzare e caratterizzare tre diverse tipologie di nanosensori plasmonici a base di nanoparticelle d’oro (AuNPs), valutando e comparando la loro risposta analitica nei confronti di due specifici metalli pesanti presenti in soluzione acquosa: cobalto (Co) e nichel (Ni). La strategia sperimentale ha previsto l'ottenimento delle nanoparticelle d'oro mediante la tecnica dell’ablazione laser in liquido (LAL), un metodo pulito che evita l'uso di agenti riducenti chimici, seguita da una successiva fase di funzionalizzazione superficiale per differenziare i tre sensori. La caratterizzazione ottica e lo studio della risposta dei nanosensori a differenti concentrazioni di metallo sono stati condotti tramite spettroscopia di assorbimento UV-Vis, monitorando lo shift e la variazione della banda plasmonica. I risultati principali indicano che ciascun nanosensore mostra una selettività intrinseca legata alla propria funzionalizzazione: lo stesso sensore fornisce risposte analoghe e confrontabili tra cobalto e nichel, ma mostra un comportamento distinto rispetto agli altri due sistemi studiati. Lo studio dimostra l'efficacia dell'ablazione laser e della calibrazione ottica via UV-Vis, ponendo le basi per lo sviluppo di piattaforme sensoristiche dedicate alla rilevazione selettiva dei singoli metalli in ambito ambientale.
Sintesi e analisi comparativa di nanosensori plasmonici per il rilevamento di metalli pesanti
ZAMBONI, ALESSIO
2025/2026
Abstract
The monitoring of heavy metal contamination in water bodies represents a crucial challenge, requiring the development of rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective analytical techniques. In this context, sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) offer significant advantages in terms of selectivity and optical properties. This thesis project aims to synthesize and characterize three different types of plasmonic nanosensors based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), evaluating and comparing their analytical response towards two specific heavy metals present in aqueous solution: cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni). The experimental strategy involved obtaining the gold nanoparticles through laser ablation in liquid (LAL), a clean method that avoids the use of chemical reducing agents, followed by a subsequent surface functionalization phase to differentiate the three sensors. Optical characterization and the study of the nanosensors' response to different metal concentrations were conducted via UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, monitoring the shift and variation of the plasmonic band. The main results indicate that each nanosensor exhibits an intrinsic selectivity linked to its own functionalization: the same sensor provides analogous and comparable responses between cobalt and nickel, but shows a distinct behavior compared to the other two studied systems. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of laser ablation and UV-Vis optical calibration, laying the foundation for the development of sensor platforms dedicated to the selective detection of individual metals in environmental monitoring.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118139