This thesis aims to investigate and analyze sex and gender differences within the field of psychedelic medicine. Sex-specific differences linked to genetics and chromosomal makeup manifest as varying predispositions to disease and differing responses to treatments, as well as distinct receptor-ligand interaction mechanisms between males and females. Alongside this, the importance of gender—a topic still relatively under-researched—also emerges; this encompasses factors such as lifestyle, stress perception, identity, and the ways in which an individual interacts with society. Based on these premises, the objective is to explore and highlight potential divergences in therapeutic treatments involving psychedelic substances. Substances such as MDMA, LSD, psilocybin, ayahuasca, and ketamine are used to alleviate symptoms of various psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), treatment-resistant depression, anxiety states, and alcohol or substance addictions. Through the research and analysis of preclinical and clinical studies, this work aims to provide an overview of how sex-specific variables influence psychedelic-based therapy, to gain deeper insight into the underlying interaction mechanisms, and to propose strategies for narrowing the observed gap.
Il presente elaborato di tesi si pone come scopo quello di indagare ed analizzare le differenze tra i sessi e i generi nell’ambito della medicina psichedelica. Le differenze sesso-specifiche legate alla genetica e al corredo cromosomico si manifestano tramite una diversa predisposizione alle malattie, una differente risposta ai trattamenti oltre che a meccanismi di interazione recettore-ligando diversificati tra sesso maschile e sesso femminile. Accanto a questo emerge inoltre l’importanza del tema del genere, ad oggi ancora poco indagato, che considera fattori come lo stile di vita, la percezione dello stress, l’identità e le modalità con cui l’individuo si interfaccia con la società. Partendo da queste ipotesi l’obiettivo è ricercare ed evidenziare potenziali divergenze nei trattamenti terapeutici a base di sostanze psichedeliche. MDMA, LSD, psilocibina, ayahuasca e ketamina vengono infatti utilizzate per alleviare i sintomi di svariati disturbi psichiatrici come il disturbo da stress post-traumatico (PTSD), la depressione resistente, gli stati ansiosi e le dipendenze da alcol e sostanze. Tramite la ricerca e l’analisi di studi condotti in ambito pre-clinico ed in ambito clinico questo lavoro si propone di offrire una panoramica dell’influenza che le variabili sesso-specifiche hanno sulla terapia a base di sostanze psichedeliche, mira ad approfondire i meccanismi alla base dell’interazione e propone delle possibili strategie per ridurre il divario osservato.
VALUTAZIONE DEL FATTORE GENDER NELLA MEDICINA PSICHEDELICA
ALBERTI, VERONICA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis aims to investigate and analyze sex and gender differences within the field of psychedelic medicine. Sex-specific differences linked to genetics and chromosomal makeup manifest as varying predispositions to disease and differing responses to treatments, as well as distinct receptor-ligand interaction mechanisms between males and females. Alongside this, the importance of gender—a topic still relatively under-researched—also emerges; this encompasses factors such as lifestyle, stress perception, identity, and the ways in which an individual interacts with society. Based on these premises, the objective is to explore and highlight potential divergences in therapeutic treatments involving psychedelic substances. Substances such as MDMA, LSD, psilocybin, ayahuasca, and ketamine are used to alleviate symptoms of various psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), treatment-resistant depression, anxiety states, and alcohol or substance addictions. Through the research and analysis of preclinical and clinical studies, this work aims to provide an overview of how sex-specific variables influence psychedelic-based therapy, to gain deeper insight into the underlying interaction mechanisms, and to propose strategies for narrowing the observed gap.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118489