This research aims to analyze the priesthood of the Vestals in ancient Rome, adopting a historical-legal perspective, highlighting the profound connection between body, law, and sacredness. After reconstructing the origins of the cult of the goddess Vesta and the evolution of the Vestal Institution, the paper examines the legal status of the Virgines Vestales, highlighting privileges, powers, and obligations, also in light of possible Etruscan influences. Particular attention will be paid to the legal institution of the captio, through which the young Vestal Virgin was removed from the potestas of the paterfamilias to enter under the protection and authority of the goddess Vesta. In this way, a unique position was acquired within Roman society. The research also delves into the symbolic and legal meaning of the Vestal Virgin's body, analyzing the requirements for admission to the priesthood, the hair-cutting rite, and ritual attire. All these elements contributed to representing the purity of these figures, they were also attributed the function of guaranteeing the security and prosperity of Rome. Chastity thus becomes a religious and political principle closely linked to the protection of the inviolability of the State, not being considered just a simple moral virtue. Finally, the study addresses crimen incestum, through the analysis of the concept of incestum, the events of Tarpeia and Pinaria, and the sanctioning system reserved for impure vestals. The famous burial on the Campus Sceleratus is also considered, a typical sanction imposed by the Pontifex Maximus, which was not interpreted exclusively as a death penalty, but as a ritual of exclusion and atonement for guilt, to redress the balance between the Roman community and the gods.
Attraverso la presente ricerca si propone l’analisi del sacerdozio delle Vestali nella Roma antica, adottando una prospettiva storico-giuridica, evidenziando il profondo legame tra corpo, diritto e sacralità. Dopo aver ricostruito le origini del culto della dea Vesta e l’evoluzione dell’istituzione vestale, l'elaborato esamina lo status giuridico delle Virgines Vestales, evidenziando privilegi, poteri e obblighi, anche alla luce delle possibili influenze etrusche. Particolare attenzione sarà posta all’istituto giuridico della captio, mediante il quale la giovane vestale veniva sottratta alla potestas del paterfamilias per entrare sotto la protezione e l’autorità della dea Vesta. In questo modo si acquisiva una posizione unica all’interno della società romana. La ricerca, inoltre, approfondisce il significato simbolico e giuridico del corpo della Vestale, analizzando i requisiti richiesti per l'ammissione al sacerdozio, il rito del taglio dei capelli e l’abbigliamento rituale. Tutti questi elementi contribuivano a rappresentare la purezza di queste figure, ad esse veniva attribuita anche la funzione di garanzia della sicurezza e della prosperità di Roma. La castità diviene quindi un principio religioso e politico strettamente collegato alla tutela dell’inviolabilità dello Stato, non venendo considerata solo una semplice virtù morale. Infine, lo studio affronta il crimen incestum, tramite l’analisi del concetto di incestum, delle vicende di Tarpea e Pinaria e del sistema sanzionatorio riservato alle vestali impure. Viene considerata anche la celebre sepoltura nel Campus Sceleratus, sanzione tipica comminata dal Pontifex Maximus, che non veniva interpretata esclusivamente come una pena di morte, ma come un rituale di esclusione ed espiazione della colpa, per ricomporre l’equilibrio tra la comunità romana e gli dèi.
Le Vestali. Corpo, diritti e sacralità nell’antica Roma.
DI LASCIO, VALERIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the priesthood of the Vestals in ancient Rome, adopting a historical-legal perspective, highlighting the profound connection between body, law, and sacredness. After reconstructing the origins of the cult of the goddess Vesta and the evolution of the Vestal Institution, the paper examines the legal status of the Virgines Vestales, highlighting privileges, powers, and obligations, also in light of possible Etruscan influences. Particular attention will be paid to the legal institution of the captio, through which the young Vestal Virgin was removed from the potestas of the paterfamilias to enter under the protection and authority of the goddess Vesta. In this way, a unique position was acquired within Roman society. The research also delves into the symbolic and legal meaning of the Vestal Virgin's body, analyzing the requirements for admission to the priesthood, the hair-cutting rite, and ritual attire. All these elements contributed to representing the purity of these figures, they were also attributed the function of guaranteeing the security and prosperity of Rome. Chastity thus becomes a religious and political principle closely linked to the protection of the inviolability of the State, not being considered just a simple moral virtue. Finally, the study addresses crimen incestum, through the analysis of the concept of incestum, the events of Tarpeia and Pinaria, and the sanctioning system reserved for impure vestals. The famous burial on the Campus Sceleratus is also considered, a typical sanction imposed by the Pontifex Maximus, which was not interpreted exclusively as a death penalty, but as a ritual of exclusion and atonement for guilt, to redress the balance between the Roman community and the gods.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118632