Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterised by an obsession with healthy and ‘clean’ eating. Despite growing clinical interest, there is a need to understand its temporal course and predictive factors, whilst investigating its overlap with eating disorders (EDs) and transdiagnostic psychological components. The study adopted a longitudinal experimental research design. A sample of 70 participants was assessed at two time points six months apart (T1 and T2). Orthorexia nervosa was measured using the IONI instrument (comprising selected items from the DOS, TOS and EHQ-21), with the analysis focusing on its three main dimensions: orthorexic beliefs and behaviours, emotional distress/emotional impact, and functional and social impact. Psychological and attitudinal variables were investigated using standardised questionnaires designed to assess dysfunctional eating behaviour (EAT-26), perfectionism (MPS), attitudes towards health and taste (HTAS) and difficulties in emotional regulation (DERS). The data were analysed to identify which factors predict levels of orthorexia six months later. The results show that orthorexia exhibits strong stability over time, but with a clear developmental component: restrictive and dieting behaviours at baseline constitute the main prospective predictor of emotional distress and the overall severity of ON, alongside perfectionist traits linked to fear of error and the need for control. Conversely, an interest in health is the primary driver of cognitive and ideological adherence to dietary rules. Taken together, the data highlight the non-monolithic nature of the construct: whilst beliefs about ‘healthy eating’ stem from health-related ideals, the core of emotional distress and rigidity draws directly on the psychopathological matrix of classic eating disorders. This therefore highlights the clinical need to intervene early on dietary restriction and cognitive inflexibility before a focus on health degenerates into a clinically significant condition.
L'ortoressia nervosa (ON) si configura come un'ossessione per l'alimentazione sana e pulita. Nonostante il crescente interesse clinico, emerge la necessità di comprenderne l'evoluzione temporale e i fattori predittivi, indagando la sovrapposizione con i disturbi del comportamento alimentare (DCA) e le componenti psicologiche transdiagnostiche. Lo studio ha adottato un disegno di ricerca sperimentale longitudinale. Un campione di 70 partecipanti è stato valutato in due tempi a distanza di sei mesi (T1 e T2). L'ortoressia nervosa è stata misurata tramite lo strumento IONI (composto da item selezionati di DOS, TOS ed EHQ-21), focalizzando l'analisi sulle sue tre dimensioni principali: convinzioni e comportamenti ortoressici, disagio emotivo/impatto emotivo e impatto funzionale e sociale. Le variabili psicologiche e attitudinali sono state indagate attraverso questionari standardizzati volti a valutare il comportamento alimentare disfunzionale (EAT-26), il perfezionismo (MPS), gli atteggiamenti verso la salute e il gusto (HTAS) e le difficoltà nella regolazione emotiva (DERS). I dati sono stati analizzati per identificare quali fattori predicano i livelli di ortoressia a sei mesi di distanza. I risultati mostrano che l’ortoressia presenta una forte stabilità temporale, ma con una chiara componente evolutiva: le condotte restrittive e di dieta alla baseline costituiscono il principale predittore prospettico del disagio emotivo e della gravità complessiva dell’ON, affiancate dai tratti perfezionistici legati al timore dell’errore e al bisogno di controllo. Al contrario, l'interesse verso la salute guida primariamente l'adesione cognitiva e ideologica alle regole alimentari. Nel loro insieme, i dati evidenziano la natura non monolitica del costrutto: se le credenze sul "mangiare sano" traggono origine da ideali salutistici, il nucleo di sofferenza emotiva e rigidità attinge direttamente alla matrice psicopatologica dei disturbi alimentari classici. Emerge quindi la necessità, sul piano clinico, di intervenire precocemente sulla restrizione dietetica e sull'inflessibilità cognitiva prima che l'attenzione alla salute degeneri in un quadro clinicamente rilevante.
Ortoressia Nervosa e disturbi del comportamento alimentare: uno studio longitudinale sui fattori psicologici predittivi
DE ZORZI, MARTINA
2025/2026
Abstract
Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterised by an obsession with healthy and ‘clean’ eating. Despite growing clinical interest, there is a need to understand its temporal course and predictive factors, whilst investigating its overlap with eating disorders (EDs) and transdiagnostic psychological components. The study adopted a longitudinal experimental research design. A sample of 70 participants was assessed at two time points six months apart (T1 and T2). Orthorexia nervosa was measured using the IONI instrument (comprising selected items from the DOS, TOS and EHQ-21), with the analysis focusing on its three main dimensions: orthorexic beliefs and behaviours, emotional distress/emotional impact, and functional and social impact. Psychological and attitudinal variables were investigated using standardised questionnaires designed to assess dysfunctional eating behaviour (EAT-26), perfectionism (MPS), attitudes towards health and taste (HTAS) and difficulties in emotional regulation (DERS). The data were analysed to identify which factors predict levels of orthorexia six months later. The results show that orthorexia exhibits strong stability over time, but with a clear developmental component: restrictive and dieting behaviours at baseline constitute the main prospective predictor of emotional distress and the overall severity of ON, alongside perfectionist traits linked to fear of error and the need for control. Conversely, an interest in health is the primary driver of cognitive and ideological adherence to dietary rules. Taken together, the data highlight the non-monolithic nature of the construct: whilst beliefs about ‘healthy eating’ stem from health-related ideals, the core of emotional distress and rigidity draws directly on the psychopathological matrix of classic eating disorders. This therefore highlights the clinical need to intervene early on dietary restriction and cognitive inflexibility before a focus on health degenerates into a clinically significant condition.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118821