The growing focus on environmental sustainability within the construction sector necessitates the introduction of decision-support tools during the early stages of the design process, when geometric and technological choices significantly influence the future environmental performance of the building. In this context, this thesis proposes a parametric approach to the design of one-way floor systems aimed at reducing embodied CO2 emissions and optimizing structural configurations The work is developed through the creation of three parametric models in Rhinoceros and Grasshopper, each dedicated to a different construction technology: a precast Predalles-type slab, a steel-concrete composite slab with corrugated deck and a framing system consisting of IPE secondary beams and HEA primary beams, and a timber floor system with CLT panels supported by glulam secondary and primary beams. For each structural system, the developed scripts allow for the variation of geometric and construction parameters, automatically estimating material quantities and associated CO2 emissions. Environmental evaluations are conducted using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, with a specific focus on emissions related to the initial life cycle stages of materials (Cradle-to-Gate). Concurrently, the models integrate computational optimization algorithms that enable the continuous analysis of different structural configurations to automatically identify solutions capable of minimizing environmental impact and total mass, while ensuring full compliance with the mechanical and dimensional requirements of the floor system. The objective of the research is to provide designers with a decision-support tool for the preliminary design phases, capable of integrating environmental and structural considerations within a single parametric workflow. The final comparison among the three analyzed technologies highlights significant differences in terms of emissions, material quantities, and structural grid configurations, demonstrating how parametric design can serve as a valuable aid in guiding more conscious and sustainable design choices right from the initial conceptual stages.
La crescente attenzione verso la sostenibilità ambientale nel settore delle costruzioni rende necessario introdurre strumenti di supporto alle decisioni già nelle prime fasi del processo progettuale, quando le scelte geometriche e tecnologiche influenzano in modo significativo le future prestazioni ambientali dell’edificio. In questo contesto, la presente tesi propone un approccio parametrico alla progettazione di solai monodirezionali finalizzato alla riduzione delle emissioni di CO2 incorporate e all’ottimizzazione della configurazione strutturale. Il lavoro si sviluppa attraverso la realizzazione di tre modelli parametrici in ambiente Rhinoceros e Grasshopper, ciascuno dedicato a una differente tecnologia costruttiva: un solaio prefabbricato tipo Predalle, un solaio collaborante acciaio-calcestruzzo con lamiera grecata e struttura composta da travi secondarie IPE e travi principali HEA, e un solaio in legno con pannelli CLT supportati da travi glulam secondarie e principali. Per ciascun sistema strutturale, gli script sviluppati consentono di variare parametri geometrici e costruttivi, stimando automaticamente la quantità di materiale e le emissioni di CO₂ associate. Le valutazioni ambientali vengono condotte in ottica LCA, con particolare riferimento alle emissioni legate alle fasi iniziali del ciclo di vita dei materiali (Cradle-to-Gate). Parallelamente, i modelli integrano algoritmi di ottimizzazione computazionale che permettono di analizzare in continuo differenti configurazioni strutturali, al fine di individuare automaticamente le soluzioni capaci di minimizzare l’impatto ambientale e la massa complessiva, garantendo al contempo il pieno rispetto dei requisiti meccanici e dimensionali del solaio. L’obiettivo della ricerca è fornire al progettista uno strumento di supporto nelle fasi preliminari del progetto, capace di integrare considerazioni ambientali e strutturali all’interno di un unico workflow parametrico. Il confronto finale tra le tre tecnologie analizzate evidenzia differenze significative in termini di emissioni, quantità di materiale e maglia strutturale, mostrando come la progettazione parametrica possa costituire un valido supporto per orientare scelte progettuali più consapevoli e sostenibili sin dalle prime fasi concettuali.
Progettazione parametrica di solai monodirezionali: ottimizzazione geometrica e minimizzazione delle emissioni di CO₂
MALAMAN, ALESSANDRO
2025/2026
Abstract
The growing focus on environmental sustainability within the construction sector necessitates the introduction of decision-support tools during the early stages of the design process, when geometric and technological choices significantly influence the future environmental performance of the building. In this context, this thesis proposes a parametric approach to the design of one-way floor systems aimed at reducing embodied CO2 emissions and optimizing structural configurations The work is developed through the creation of three parametric models in Rhinoceros and Grasshopper, each dedicated to a different construction technology: a precast Predalles-type slab, a steel-concrete composite slab with corrugated deck and a framing system consisting of IPE secondary beams and HEA primary beams, and a timber floor system with CLT panels supported by glulam secondary and primary beams. For each structural system, the developed scripts allow for the variation of geometric and construction parameters, automatically estimating material quantities and associated CO2 emissions. Environmental evaluations are conducted using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, with a specific focus on emissions related to the initial life cycle stages of materials (Cradle-to-Gate). Concurrently, the models integrate computational optimization algorithms that enable the continuous analysis of different structural configurations to automatically identify solutions capable of minimizing environmental impact and total mass, while ensuring full compliance with the mechanical and dimensional requirements of the floor system. The objective of the research is to provide designers with a decision-support tool for the preliminary design phases, capable of integrating environmental and structural considerations within a single parametric workflow. The final comparison among the three analyzed technologies highlights significant differences in terms of emissions, material quantities, and structural grid configurations, demonstrating how parametric design can serve as a valuable aid in guiding more conscious and sustainable design choices right from the initial conceptual stages.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/119055