The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Gram-negative pathogens, particularly carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae producing metallo-β-lactamases and Acinetobacter baumannii with an XDR phenotype, urgently requires the validation of new therapeutic options to overcome the limits of traditional salvage drugs. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Cefiderocol, Aztreonam-Avibactam, and Sulbactam-Durlobactam, comparing different diagnostic methods. 12 isolates of K. pneumoniae (8 NDM, 4 VIM) and 10 isolates of XDR A. baumannii were analyzed. Susceptibility to Cefiderocol was determined using disk diffusion and broth microdilution, comparing two commercial systems (ComASP® and UMIC®), while Aztreonam-Avibactam and Sulbactam-Durlobactam were tested using the concentration gradient method. The phenotype was integrated with molecular analyses (Real-Time PCR and MLST). The results demonstrated excellent concordance between the ComASP® and UMIC® systems for K. pneumoniae, attesting to the high efficacy of Cefiderocol and Aztreonam-Avibactam on the majority of strains. For A. baumannii, the phenotypic reading was more complex due to the trailing phenomenon; the activity of Cefiderocol and Sulbactam-Durlobactam proved heterogeneous, highlighting resistance linked to NDM production or molecular target alterations. In conclusion, the new molecules are confirmed as essential salvage resources for multidrug-resistant infections, despite the high adaptive plasticity of bacteria. Furthermore, the study reiterates the importance of the Biomedical Laboratory Technician in providing rapid, accurate diagnostics capable of resolving analytical criticalities, a fundamental element for the success of Antimicrobial Stewardship programs and the implementation of personalized therapies.
L’emergenza dell’antimicrobico-resistenza (AMR) nei patogeni Gram-negativi, in particolare Klebsiella pneumoniae resistente ai carbapenemi produttore di metallo-β-lattamasi e Acinetobacter baumannii con fenotipo XDR, richiede un’urgente validazione di nuove opzioni terapeutiche per superare i limiti dei farmaci di salvataggio tradizionali. Questo studio si propone di valutare in vitro l’efficacia di Cefiderocol, Aztreonam-Avibactam e Sulbactam-Durlobactam, confrontando diverse metodiche diagnostiche. Sono stati analizzati 12 isolati di K. pneumoniae (8 NDM, 4 VIM) e 10 isolati di A. baumannii XDR. La sensibilità a Cefiderocol è stata determinata mediante disco-diffusione e microdiluizione in brodo, confrontando due sistemi commerciali (ComASP® e UMIC®), mentre Aztreonam-Avibactam e Sulbactam-Durlobactam sono stati testati mediante gradiente di concentrazione. Il fenotipo è stato poi integrato con analisi molecolari (Real-Time PCR e MLST). I risultati hanno dimostrato un’eccellente concordanza tra i sistemi ComASP® e UMIC® per K. pneumoniae, attestando l’elevata efficacia di Cefiderocol e Aztreonam-Avibactam sulla maggior parte dei ceppi. Per A. baumannii, la lettura fenotipica è risultata più complessa a causa del fenomeno del trailing; l’attività di Cefiderocol e Sulbactam-Durlobactam si è rivelata eterogenea, evidenziando resistenze legate alla produzione di NDM o all’alterazione dei bersagli molecolari. In conclusione, le nuove molecole si confermano risorse salvavita imprescindibili per le infezioni multiresistenti, pur in presenza di un’elevata plasticità adattativa batterica. Lo studio ribadisce inoltre l’importanza del Tecnico di Laboratorio Biomedico nel fornire una diagnostica rapida, accurata e capace di risolvere le criticità analitiche, elemento fondamentale per il successo dei programmi di Antimicrobial Stewardship e per l’impostazione di terapie personalizzate.
Valutazione in vitro di nuove opzioni terapeutiche per isolati batterici multiresistenti: metodiche a confronto, caratterizzazione molecolare e ruolo del tecnico di Laboratorio nell'antimicrobial stewardship
MICALETTO, COSIMO NICOLA
2025/2026
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Gram-negative pathogens, particularly carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae producing metallo-β-lactamases and Acinetobacter baumannii with an XDR phenotype, urgently requires the validation of new therapeutic options to overcome the limits of traditional salvage drugs. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Cefiderocol, Aztreonam-Avibactam, and Sulbactam-Durlobactam, comparing different diagnostic methods. 12 isolates of K. pneumoniae (8 NDM, 4 VIM) and 10 isolates of XDR A. baumannii were analyzed. Susceptibility to Cefiderocol was determined using disk diffusion and broth microdilution, comparing two commercial systems (ComASP® and UMIC®), while Aztreonam-Avibactam and Sulbactam-Durlobactam were tested using the concentration gradient method. The phenotype was integrated with molecular analyses (Real-Time PCR and MLST). The results demonstrated excellent concordance between the ComASP® and UMIC® systems for K. pneumoniae, attesting to the high efficacy of Cefiderocol and Aztreonam-Avibactam on the majority of strains. For A. baumannii, the phenotypic reading was more complex due to the trailing phenomenon; the activity of Cefiderocol and Sulbactam-Durlobactam proved heterogeneous, highlighting resistance linked to NDM production or molecular target alterations. In conclusion, the new molecules are confirmed as essential salvage resources for multidrug-resistant infections, despite the high adaptive plasticity of bacteria. Furthermore, the study reiterates the importance of the Biomedical Laboratory Technician in providing rapid, accurate diagnostics capable of resolving analytical criticalities, a fundamental element for the success of Antimicrobial Stewardship programs and the implementation of personalized therapies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/119264