Background: Tracheostomy is a procedure frequently performed in patients with complex neurological conditions who require prolonged airway management. The presence of a tracheostomy tube is often associated with prolonged ventilatory support, difficulties in secretion management, and impaired swallowing function, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to care and rehabilitation. In this context, speech and language therapists play an important role in the assessment and treatment of dysphagia and participate in the progressive stages of tracheostomy management and weaning, potentially leading to decannulation. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical evolution of neurological patients with a tracheostomy tube who received early speech and language therapy intervention according to the protocol adopted at the Ospedale dell’Angelo in Mestre. The study focuses on swallowing function and progression in tracheostomy tube management as the main clinical outcomes. In particular, it aims to investigate the potential relationship between the timing of speech and language therapy intervention, in terms of early initiation and duration of treatment, and the observed clinical outcomes, and to compare the findings with the existing literature. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Ospedale dell’Angelo – ULSS 3 Serenissima in Mestre. The study included 46 patients with acquired neurological disorders and a tracheostomy tube, including patients with stroke, severe acquired brain injury (ABI), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). For each patient, data were collected on the neurological condition, tracheostomy tube management, swallowing function, assessed using the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) by comparing initial and final scores, and cognitive functioning, assessed using the Levels of Cognitive Functioning (LCF) scale. Progression in tracheostomy tube status throughout the different stages of the weaning process was also analyzed. Finally, the interval between tracheostomy placement and the initiation of speech and language therapy intervention, as well as the overall duration of treatment, were calculated. Data were analyzed using a predominantly descriptive approach. Results: Of the 46 patients included in the study, 36 (78.3%) showed progression in tracheostomy weaning, of whom 17 achieved decannulation. Among decannulated patients, the median interval between tracheostomy placement and the initiation of speech and language therapy intervention was 13 days, compared with 20 days in non-decannulated patients, while the median duration of intervention was 34 and 28 days, respectively. An improvement in DOSS scores was observed in 27 patients (58.7%), and 21 (45.7%) resumed oral feeding. A trend towards earlier initiation of speech and language therapy was also observed among patients who showed improvement in swallowing function. Furthermore, patients with higher initial LCF levels more frequently achieved favorable clinical outcomes. Conclusions: This study contributes to describing and analyzing the clinical evolution of neurological patients who underwent tracheostomy and received speech and language therapy intervention in an acute care hospital, a setting that remains relatively underexplored in the literature compared with rehabilitation settings. The findings highlight the positive impact of timely and continuous intervention, integrated into a multidisciplinary approach to the management of neurological patients with a tracheostomy, although they do not allow causal relationships to be established between the timing of intervention and the observed clinical outcomes. Further studies involving larger samples and extended follow-up throughout the rehabilitation phase could provide a deeper understanding of these associations.
Presupposti dello studio: La tracheostomia rappresenta una procedura frequentemente impiegata nei pazienti neurologici complessi che necessitano di una gestione prolungata delle vie aeree. La presenza della cannula tracheostomica si inserisce spesso in quadri caratterizzati da necessità di supporto ventilatorio prolungato, difficoltà nella gestione delle secrezioni e compromissione della funzione deglutitoria, rendendo necessario un percorso assistenziale e riabilitativo multidisciplinare. In tale contesto il logopedista riveste un ruolo rilevante nella valutazione e nel trattamento della disfagia e partecipa alle progressive fasi di gestione e svezzamento dalla cannula fino all’eventuale decannulazione. Scopo dello studio: Lo studio ha l’obiettivo di descrivere l’evoluzione clinica di pazienti neurologici portatori di cannula tracheostomica che hanno ricevuto una presa in carico logopedica precoce secondo il protocollo in uso all’Ospedale dell’Angelo di Mestre. Ci si propone di considerare come principali outcome la funzione deglutitoria e la progressione nella gestione della cannula e di osservare in particolare la possibile relazione tra le tempistiche della presa in carico logopedica, in termini di precocità e durata dell’intervento, e gli outcome clinici rilevati e rapportarli con la letteratura presente. Materiali e metodi: È stato condotto uno studio retrospettivo presso l’Ospedale dell’Angelo – ULSS 3 Serenissima di Mestre. Sono stati inclusi 46 pazienti con patologia neurologica acquisita e portatori di cannula tracheostomica, comprendenti soggetti con ictus cerebrale, grave cerebrolesione acquisita (GCA) ed emorragia subaracnoidea (ESA). Per ciascun paziente sono stati raccolti dati relativi alla patologia neurologica, alla gestione della cannula e alla funzione deglutitoria, valutata mediante la Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS), confrontando i livelli iniziali e finali, e al livello di funzionamento cognitivo, mediante scala LCF. È stata inoltre analizzata la progressione dello stato della cannula attraverso le diverse fasi del percorso di svezzamento. Infine, sono stati calcolati l’intervallo tra tracheostomia e inizio della presa in carico logopedica e la durata complessiva dell’intervento. I dati sono stati sottoposti ad analisi prevalentemente descrittiva. Risultati: Dei 46 pazienti inclusi, 36 (78,3%) hanno mostrato una progressione nello svezzamento dalla cannula, 17 dei quali hanno raggiunto la decannulazione. Nei pazienti decannulati, l’intervallo mediano tra tracheostomia e inizio della presa in carico è risultato pari a 13 giorni, rispetto ai 20 giorni dei non decannulati, mentre la durata mediana dell’intervento è stata rispettivamente di 34 e 28 giorni. Il miglioramento del punteggio DOSS è stato osservato in 27 pazienti (58,7%) e 21 (45,7%) hanno ripreso l’alimentazione per os. Una tendenza verso una presa in carico più precoce è stata osservata anche nei pazienti con miglioramento della funzione deglutitoria. I pazienti con livelli LCF iniziali più elevati hanno inoltre presentato una maggiore frequenza di outcome favorevoli. Conclusioni: Il presente studio contribuisce a descrivere ed analizzare l’evoluzione clinica di pazienti neurologici sottoposti a tracheotomia che hanno ricevuto una presa in carico logopedica in un ospedale per acuti, un ambito ancora poco esplorato in letteratura rispetto ai contesti riabilitativi. I risultati sottolineano l’impatto positivo di un intervento tempestivo e continuativo, integrato nell’approccio multidisciplinare al paziente neurologico tracheostomizzato, pur senza consentire di stabilire relazioni causali tra le tempistiche dell’intervento e gli outcome osservati. Ulteriori studi, condotti su campioni più ampi e con un follow-up esteso alla fase riabilitativa, potrebbero approfondire tali associazioni.
Il ruolo del logopedista nel percorso di svezzamento dalla cannula tracheostomica in ospedale per acuti: il caso dell'ospedale dell'Angelo
MORUZZI, MARGHERITA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background: Tracheostomy is a procedure frequently performed in patients with complex neurological conditions who require prolonged airway management. The presence of a tracheostomy tube is often associated with prolonged ventilatory support, difficulties in secretion management, and impaired swallowing function, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to care and rehabilitation. In this context, speech and language therapists play an important role in the assessment and treatment of dysphagia and participate in the progressive stages of tracheostomy management and weaning, potentially leading to decannulation. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical evolution of neurological patients with a tracheostomy tube who received early speech and language therapy intervention according to the protocol adopted at the Ospedale dell’Angelo in Mestre. The study focuses on swallowing function and progression in tracheostomy tube management as the main clinical outcomes. In particular, it aims to investigate the potential relationship between the timing of speech and language therapy intervention, in terms of early initiation and duration of treatment, and the observed clinical outcomes, and to compare the findings with the existing literature. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Ospedale dell’Angelo – ULSS 3 Serenissima in Mestre. The study included 46 patients with acquired neurological disorders and a tracheostomy tube, including patients with stroke, severe acquired brain injury (ABI), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). For each patient, data were collected on the neurological condition, tracheostomy tube management, swallowing function, assessed using the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) by comparing initial and final scores, and cognitive functioning, assessed using the Levels of Cognitive Functioning (LCF) scale. Progression in tracheostomy tube status throughout the different stages of the weaning process was also analyzed. Finally, the interval between tracheostomy placement and the initiation of speech and language therapy intervention, as well as the overall duration of treatment, were calculated. Data were analyzed using a predominantly descriptive approach. Results: Of the 46 patients included in the study, 36 (78.3%) showed progression in tracheostomy weaning, of whom 17 achieved decannulation. Among decannulated patients, the median interval between tracheostomy placement and the initiation of speech and language therapy intervention was 13 days, compared with 20 days in non-decannulated patients, while the median duration of intervention was 34 and 28 days, respectively. An improvement in DOSS scores was observed in 27 patients (58.7%), and 21 (45.7%) resumed oral feeding. A trend towards earlier initiation of speech and language therapy was also observed among patients who showed improvement in swallowing function. Furthermore, patients with higher initial LCF levels more frequently achieved favorable clinical outcomes. Conclusions: This study contributes to describing and analyzing the clinical evolution of neurological patients who underwent tracheostomy and received speech and language therapy intervention in an acute care hospital, a setting that remains relatively underexplored in the literature compared with rehabilitation settings. The findings highlight the positive impact of timely and continuous intervention, integrated into a multidisciplinary approach to the management of neurological patients with a tracheostomy, although they do not allow causal relationships to be established between the timing of intervention and the observed clinical outcomes. Further studies involving larger samples and extended follow-up throughout the rehabilitation phase could provide a deeper understanding of these associations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/119301