The quality of hearing aid fitting depends not only on the characteristics of the hearing aid itself, but also on the acoustic coupling system used to connect the device to the patient's ear. Custom earmolds provide a personalized coupling solution tailored to the individual's anatomical and audiological characteristics, offering potential benefits in terms of retention, comfort, acoustic sealing, and amplification management. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of custom earmolds in hearing aid fitting by comparing them with standard domes and evaluating the conditions under which they may represent an appropriate choice from the early stages of the fitting process, rather than being considered merely an alternative solution. Particular attention is given to the anatomical assessment of the external auditory canal and the importance of ear impression taking as a means of guiding the early selection of both the hearing aid and the acoustic coupling system. The theoretical section examines ear anatomy, the different types of acoustic coupling systems, the materials and manufacturing techniques used for custom earmolds, as well as the role of venting and real-ear measurements (REM). The experimental section consists of two cases. In the first case, the acoustic response obtained in a hearing aid user was compared using a standard closed dome and a custom silicone earmold. Measurements were performed using the Otometrics FreeFit REM system and OTOsuite software to assess how closely the measured responses matched the NAL-NL2 prescriptive targets at different input sound levels. In the second case, four acoustic coupling systems were compared: two standard domes and two custom earmolds with different degrees of venting. The investigation was divided into two phases. The first phase assessed, through real-ear measurements, the effect of the coupling system alone on the natural resonance of the ear canal. The second phase examined the acoustic response during amplification, using the same hearing aid with unchanged settings. In the first experimental case, the results showed that the custom silicone earmold provided a closer match to the prescriptive targets, accompanied by the patient's subjective reports of improved listening quality and hearing aid retention. In the second case, the findings showed that more extensively vented coupling systems largely preserved the natural resonance of the ear canal, whereas more closed systems substantially reduced it. During amplification, more open coupling systems also produced a lower response at low frequencies compared with more closed configurations, highlighting the importance of venting in determining the acoustic behavior of the coupling system. Despite the limitations of the cases examined, this study suggests that custom earmolds may represent a suitable option from the early stages of hearing aid fitting, provided that the patient's anatomical and audiological characteristics allow their use. The findings therefore emphasize the importance of individualized assessment, appropriate selection of the acoustic coupling system, and verification through real-ear measurements to achieve a personalized hearing aid fitting that meets the patient's specific needs.
La qualità dell’adattamento protesico dipende non soltanto dalle caratteristiche dell’apparecchio acustico, ma anche dal sistema di accoppiamento utilizzato tra il dispositivo e l’orecchio del paziente. La chiocciola auricolare su misura consente di realizzare un accoppiamento personalizzato, adattato alle caratteristiche anatomiche e audiologiche individuali, con possibili vantaggi in termini di stabilità, comfort, tenuta acustica e gestione dell’amplificazione. Il presente lavoro di tesi ha l’obiettivo di approfondire il ruolo della chiocciola su misura nella protesizzazione acustica, confrontandola con le cupole standard e valutando in quali condizioni possa rappresentare una scelta appropriata fin dalle prime fasi del percorso protesico, anziché essere considerata soltanto una soluzione alternativa. Particolare attenzione viene dedicata alla valutazione anatomica del condotto uditivo e all’importanza del rilevamento dell’impronta auricolare come strumento per orientare precocemente la scelta dell’apparecchio e dell’accoppiatore acustico. La parte teorica analizza le caratteristiche anatomiche dell’orecchio, le diverse tipologie di accoppiatori acustici, i materiali e le tecniche di realizzazione delle chiocciole su misura, approfondendo inoltre il ruolo della ventilazione e delle misure in vivo (REM). La parte sperimentale comprende due casi. Nel primo, attraverso il sistema REM FreeFit e il software OTOsuite, è stata confrontata la risposta acustica ottenuta in un paziente portatore di apparecchi acustici con una cupola standard chiusa e con una chiocciola su misura in silicone, valutando il raggiungimento dei target prescrittivi NAL-NL2 a differenti livelli di intensità sonora. Nel secondo caso sono stati confrontati quattro accoppiatori acustici, due cupole standard e due chiocciole su misura, caratterizzati da differenti gradi di ventilazione. La sperimentazione si è articolata in due fasi: nella prima è stata valutata, attraverso le misure REM, l'influenza del solo accoppiatore sulla risonanza naturale del condotto uditivo; nella seconda è stata analizzata la risposta acustica durante l'amplificazione, utilizzando lo stesso apparecchio e mantenendone invariata la regolazione. I risultati hanno evidenziato, nel primo caso sperimentale, un migliore avvicinamento ai target prescrittivi con la chiocciola su misura in silicone, accompagnato da una percezione soggettiva più favorevole dell'ascolto e della stabilità dell'apparecchio. Nel secondo caso è emerso che gli accoppiatori maggiormente ventilati conservano in gran parte la risonanza naturale del condotto, mentre quelli più chiusi la riducono sensibilmente. Durante l'amplificazione, inoltre, le soluzioni più aperte hanno mostrato una minore risposta alle basse frequenze rispetto a quelle più chiuse, evidenziando l'importanza della ventilazione nel comportamento acustico dell'accoppiatore. Pur nei limiti dei casi esaminati, il lavoro evidenzia come la chiocciola su misura possa rappresentare una valida scelta fin dalle prime fasi della protesizzazione, quando le condizioni anatomiche e audiologiche lo consentono. Si sottolinea pertanto l’importanza di una valutazione individualizzata, della corretta selezione dell’accoppiatore acustico e della verifica mediante misure REM, al fine di ottenere un adattamento protesico personalizzato e adeguato alle esigenze del paziente.
Il ruolo della chiocciola su misura nella protesizzazione acustica: effetti e benefici dell’accoppiamento personalizzato
CARVUTTO, ALESSANDRO
2025/2026
Abstract
The quality of hearing aid fitting depends not only on the characteristics of the hearing aid itself, but also on the acoustic coupling system used to connect the device to the patient's ear. Custom earmolds provide a personalized coupling solution tailored to the individual's anatomical and audiological characteristics, offering potential benefits in terms of retention, comfort, acoustic sealing, and amplification management. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of custom earmolds in hearing aid fitting by comparing them with standard domes and evaluating the conditions under which they may represent an appropriate choice from the early stages of the fitting process, rather than being considered merely an alternative solution. Particular attention is given to the anatomical assessment of the external auditory canal and the importance of ear impression taking as a means of guiding the early selection of both the hearing aid and the acoustic coupling system. The theoretical section examines ear anatomy, the different types of acoustic coupling systems, the materials and manufacturing techniques used for custom earmolds, as well as the role of venting and real-ear measurements (REM). The experimental section consists of two cases. In the first case, the acoustic response obtained in a hearing aid user was compared using a standard closed dome and a custom silicone earmold. Measurements were performed using the Otometrics FreeFit REM system and OTOsuite software to assess how closely the measured responses matched the NAL-NL2 prescriptive targets at different input sound levels. In the second case, four acoustic coupling systems were compared: two standard domes and two custom earmolds with different degrees of venting. The investigation was divided into two phases. The first phase assessed, through real-ear measurements, the effect of the coupling system alone on the natural resonance of the ear canal. The second phase examined the acoustic response during amplification, using the same hearing aid with unchanged settings. In the first experimental case, the results showed that the custom silicone earmold provided a closer match to the prescriptive targets, accompanied by the patient's subjective reports of improved listening quality and hearing aid retention. In the second case, the findings showed that more extensively vented coupling systems largely preserved the natural resonance of the ear canal, whereas more closed systems substantially reduced it. During amplification, more open coupling systems also produced a lower response at low frequencies compared with more closed configurations, highlighting the importance of venting in determining the acoustic behavior of the coupling system. Despite the limitations of the cases examined, this study suggests that custom earmolds may represent a suitable option from the early stages of hearing aid fitting, provided that the patient's anatomical and audiological characteristics allow their use. The findings therefore emphasize the importance of individualized assessment, appropriate selection of the acoustic coupling system, and verification through real-ear measurements to achieve a personalized hearing aid fitting that meets the patient's specific needs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/119536