Background: Recent demographic shifts, including a progressively aging population and an increase in the number of people with chronic conditions, have led to evolving healthcare needs. In this context, the patient's ability to develop self-care and self-management skills for daily disease management has become increasingly crucial. In response to this need, recent national regulatory frameworks have introduced the role of the Family and Community Nurse (FCN), who operates within the local territory and community-based facilities, serving as the primary reference point for promoting empowerment and self-care skills. Objective: This study aims to examine the most recent scientific evidence regarding the measurement of Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes in primary care. Specifically, the investigation focuses on identifying tools or methods available to the FCN to evaluate empowerment, self-care, and self-management in individuals living with chronic illness. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted across the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CINAHL databases using Boolean search strings formulated via the PICO methodology. The normative and epidemiological introduction was integrated by analyzing institutional documents from the WHO, the Italian Ministry of Health, AGENAS, the Official Gazette (Gazzetta Ufficiale), and ISTAT. Results: A total of 11 articles were included in this review, categorized according to the specific outcomes investigated. Although it was not possible to find a single, definitive answer to the research question, notable tools emerged: the Body Knowledge Questionnaire (BKQ) for assessing empowerment; a family of instruments based on the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness for self-care; and instruments such as the PCRS, HeiQ, PACIC+, and PIH for self-management. Across all articles, the tools were tested on chronic patients receiving primary care; however, there was a lack of explicit reference to the specific role of the FCN. Conclusion: Although the literature does not explicitly link the use of these tools to the FCN, the study populations and the aspects evaluated fall squarely within the scope of practice and competencies of this role. Therefore, further studies are recommended to verify the actual transferability and applicability of these instruments in alignment with new organizational models.
Background: I recenti cambiamenti del contesto demografico, tra cui il progressivo aumento dell’età media e l'incremento del numero di persone affette da patologie croniche, hanno determinato la modificazione dei bisogni di salute della popolazione. In questo scenario, risulta sempre più importante la capacità del paziente di sviluppare competenze di self-care e self-management per la gestione quotidiana della malattia. In risposta a tale esigenza, i recenti ordinamenti normativi nazionali introducono la figura dell’Infermiere di Famiglia e di Comunità (IFeC) che, lavorando sul territorio e nelle strutture di prossimità, diventa il referente principale per la promozione dell’empowerment e delle capacità di autocura. Obiettivo: Il presente lavoro ha l’obiettivo di ricercare le più recenti evidenze scientifiche riguardanti la misurazione dei Nursing Sensitive Outcomes nelle cure primarie. L’indagine si focalizza sull’identificazione degli strumenti o dei metodi a disposizione dell’IFeC per la valutazione, in particolare, dell’empowerment, della self-care e del self-management nella persona affetta da cronicità. Materiali e Metodi: Per la stesura della tesi è stata condotta una revisione della letteratura attraverso i database PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar e CINAHL e l’utilizzo di stringhe di ricerca booleane formulate tramite metodologia PICO. L’introduzione normativa ed epidemiologica è stata integrata analizzando documenti istituzionali di OMS, Ministero della Salute, AGENAS, Gazzetta Ufficiale e ISTAT. Risultati della ricerca: Nella presente revisione sono stati inclusi un totale di 11 articoli, che sono stati suddivisi rispetto agli specifici outcomes indagati. Sebbene non sia stato possibile trovare una risposta univoca al quesito di ricerca, spiccano per la valutazione dell’empowerment la scala Body Knowledge Questionnaire (BKQ) e per la self care invece una famiglia di strumenti basati sulla Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness, infine, per il self management, sono suggeriti strumenti quali il PCRS, l’HeiQ, il PACIC+ e PIH. Nella totalità degli articoli, gli strumenti sono stati testati in pazienti cronici in carico alle cure primarie, tuttavia è assente un esplicito riferimento alla figura dell’IFeC Conclusione: Sebbene la letteratura non associ esplicitamente l’utilizzo di tali strumenti all’IFeC, le popolazioni coinvolte negli studi e gli aspetti indagati dagli strumenti rientrano nel suo ambito e nelle sue competenze di intervento. Si auspica pertanto la realizzazione di ulteriori studi per verificare l’effettiva trasferibilità e applicabilità degli strumenti in accordo con i nuovi modelli organizzativi
L’Infermiere di famiglia e comunità per la gestione della cronicità: strumenti e metodi per la valutazione del self-care e dell'empowerment nel contesto territoriale. Una revisione della letteratura
PAGOTTO, GIANLUCA
2025/2026
Abstract
Background: Recent demographic shifts, including a progressively aging population and an increase in the number of people with chronic conditions, have led to evolving healthcare needs. In this context, the patient's ability to develop self-care and self-management skills for daily disease management has become increasingly crucial. In response to this need, recent national regulatory frameworks have introduced the role of the Family and Community Nurse (FCN), who operates within the local territory and community-based facilities, serving as the primary reference point for promoting empowerment and self-care skills. Objective: This study aims to examine the most recent scientific evidence regarding the measurement of Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes in primary care. Specifically, the investigation focuses on identifying tools or methods available to the FCN to evaluate empowerment, self-care, and self-management in individuals living with chronic illness. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted across the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CINAHL databases using Boolean search strings formulated via the PICO methodology. The normative and epidemiological introduction was integrated by analyzing institutional documents from the WHO, the Italian Ministry of Health, AGENAS, the Official Gazette (Gazzetta Ufficiale), and ISTAT. Results: A total of 11 articles were included in this review, categorized according to the specific outcomes investigated. Although it was not possible to find a single, definitive answer to the research question, notable tools emerged: the Body Knowledge Questionnaire (BKQ) for assessing empowerment; a family of instruments based on the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness for self-care; and instruments such as the PCRS, HeiQ, PACIC+, and PIH for self-management. Across all articles, the tools were tested on chronic patients receiving primary care; however, there was a lack of explicit reference to the specific role of the FCN. Conclusion: Although the literature does not explicitly link the use of these tools to the FCN, the study populations and the aspects evaluated fall squarely within the scope of practice and competencies of this role. Therefore, further studies are recommended to verify the actual transferability and applicability of these instruments in alignment with new organizational models.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/120149