PROBLEM: The creation of a stoma brings about profound changes in a person’s life, affecting their ability to self-manage and their quality of life. Patient education is a fundamental element of the care pathway, designed to promote adaptation and independence. In this context, artificial intelligence-based chatbots could serve as a complementary resource to the work of the stoma therapist. AIM: To describe the levels of self-care self-efficacy and stoma-specific quality of life among people with a stoma; to analyse their interrelationships and their association with key sociodemographic and clinical variables; and to identify areas of greatest educational need, in order to guide the design of content for an AI-based nursing education chatbot. SAMPLE: The study involved a consecutive sample of 31 adults with an intestinal or urinary stoma, whether temporary or permanent, who were undergoing follow-up at the Stoma Patients’ Outpatient Clinic of the San Donà di Piave Hospital (Azienda ULSS 4 Veneto Orientale) between July and August 2026. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, correlational, observational study was conducted. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and clinical-care questionnaire, the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale and the Stoma Quality of Life Questionnaire. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient to assess the association between quantitative variables, and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis), with a significance level set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The sample reported a mean score of 85.4 ± 17.1 on the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale and a mean score of 66.2 ± 18.3 on the Stoma Quality of Life Questionnaire; no statistically significant association was observed (ρ = 0.173; p = 0.353). Analysis of individual items, however, highlighted areas of greater concern within the dimensions of self-care monitoring and self-care management. With regard to the Stoma Quality of Life Questionnaire, the main difficulties related to fatigue, the need for rest, sleep disturbances, confidence in managing the stoma appliance, body image and sexuality. Most associations with sociodemographic and clinical variables were not statistically significant, although descriptive differences were observed between certain patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified specific areas of educational need that can help guide the planning of personalised nursing interventions and define the priority content for an artificial intelligence-based educational nursing chatbot. This tool could complement the therapeutic education programme delivered by the stoma therapist, promoting continuity of care, the reinforcement of self-care skills and the early recognition of the most common problems, without replacing the clinical assessment carried out by the healthcare professional.
PROBLEMA: Il confezionamento di una stomia comporta profondi cambiamenti nella vita della persona, influenzando la capacità di autogestione e la qualità di vita. L'educazione terapeutica rappresenta un elemento fondamentale del percorso assistenziale per favorire l’adattamento e l’autonomia. In questo contesto, le chatbot basate sull'intelligenza artificiale potrebbero rappresentare una risorsa complementare all'attività dello stomaterapista. SCOPO: Descrivere i livelli di self-care self-efficacy e di qualità di vita stoma-specifica nelle persone portatrici di stomia, analizzarne l'associazione reciproca e la relazione con le principali variabili sociodemografiche e cliniche e identificare le aree di maggiore bisogno educativo, al fine di orientare la progettazione dei contenuti di una chatbot educativa infermieristica basata sull'intelligenza artificiale. CAMPIONE: Lo studio ha coinvolto un campione consecutivo di 31 persone adulte portatrici di stomia intestinale o urinaria, temporanea o permanente, in follow-up presso l'Ambulatorio pazienti stomizzati del Presidio Ospedaliero di San Donà di Piave (Azienda ULSS 4 Veneto Orientale), tra luglio e agosto 2026. MATERIALE E METODI: È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale descrittivo correlazionale. I dati sono stati raccolti mediante una scheda sociodemografica e clinico-assistenziale, la Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale e lo Stoma Quality of Life Questionnaire. L'analisi statistica ha previsto statistiche descrittive, il coefficiente di correlazione rho di Spearman per valutare l'associazione tra le variabili quantitative e test non parametrici (Mann-Whitney U e Kruskal-Wallis), adottando un livello di significatività pari a p < 0.05. RISULTATI: Il campione ha riportato un punteggio medio della Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale pari a 85.4 ± 17.1 e un punteggio medio dello Stoma Quality of Life Questionnaire pari a 66.2 ± 18.3; non è stata osservata un'associazione statisticamente significativa (ρ = 0.173; p = 0.353). L'analisi dei singoli item ha tuttavia evidenziato aree di maggiore criticità nelle dimensioni del self-care monitoring e del self-care management. Per quanto riguarda lo Stoma Quality of Life Questionnaire, le principali difficoltà hanno interessato la stanchezza, il bisogno di riposo, i disturbi del sonno, la sicurezza nella gestione del presidio, l'immagine corporea e la sessualità. La maggior parte delle associazioni con le variabili sociodemografiche e cliniche non è risultata statisticamente significativa, pur evidenziando differenze descrittive tra alcuni gruppi di pazienti. CONCLUSIONI: Il presente studio ha consentito di identificare specifiche aree di bisogno educativo utili a orientare la pianificazione di interventi infermieristici personalizzati e a definire i contenuti prioritari di una chatbot educativa infermieristica basata sull'intelligenza artificiale. Questo strumento potrebbe integrare il percorso di educazione terapeutica svolto dallo stomaterapista, favorendo la continuità assistenziale, il rinforzo delle competenze di self-care e il riconoscimento precoce delle problematiche più frequenti, senza sostituire la valutazione clinica del professionista sanitario.
Educazione terapeutica e Intelligenza artificiale nel paziente stomizzato: associazione tra qualità di vita e self-efficacy per la personalizzazione di una chatbot infermieristica
MORETTO, ALESSIA
2025/2026
Abstract
PROBLEM: The creation of a stoma brings about profound changes in a person’s life, affecting their ability to self-manage and their quality of life. Patient education is a fundamental element of the care pathway, designed to promote adaptation and independence. In this context, artificial intelligence-based chatbots could serve as a complementary resource to the work of the stoma therapist. AIM: To describe the levels of self-care self-efficacy and stoma-specific quality of life among people with a stoma; to analyse their interrelationships and their association with key sociodemographic and clinical variables; and to identify areas of greatest educational need, in order to guide the design of content for an AI-based nursing education chatbot. SAMPLE: The study involved a consecutive sample of 31 adults with an intestinal or urinary stoma, whether temporary or permanent, who were undergoing follow-up at the Stoma Patients’ Outpatient Clinic of the San Donà di Piave Hospital (Azienda ULSS 4 Veneto Orientale) between July and August 2026. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, correlational, observational study was conducted. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and clinical-care questionnaire, the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale and the Stoma Quality of Life Questionnaire. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient to assess the association between quantitative variables, and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis), with a significance level set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The sample reported a mean score of 85.4 ± 17.1 on the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale and a mean score of 66.2 ± 18.3 on the Stoma Quality of Life Questionnaire; no statistically significant association was observed (ρ = 0.173; p = 0.353). Analysis of individual items, however, highlighted areas of greater concern within the dimensions of self-care monitoring and self-care management. With regard to the Stoma Quality of Life Questionnaire, the main difficulties related to fatigue, the need for rest, sleep disturbances, confidence in managing the stoma appliance, body image and sexuality. Most associations with sociodemographic and clinical variables were not statistically significant, although descriptive differences were observed between certain patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified specific areas of educational need that can help guide the planning of personalised nursing interventions and define the priority content for an artificial intelligence-based educational nursing chatbot. This tool could complement the therapeutic education programme delivered by the stoma therapist, promoting continuity of care, the reinforcement of self-care skills and the early recognition of the most common problems, without replacing the clinical assessment carried out by the healthcare professional.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/120198