Flavour physics and supersymmetry after the first run of the LHC

In this thesis we study some selected phenomenological aspects related to flavour physics in supersymmetric scenarios, revisited in the light of the LHC results after the 8 TeV run. Specically, the lack of evidence for new coloured particles up to the TeV scale and the discovery of a scalar boson with a mass of about 125 GeV and similar properties (up to the current experimental uncertainties) to those of the Higgs boson of the Standard Model provide non-trivial information on the mass spectrum of supersymmetric models. In this context, we explore virtual effects of new particles on low energy observables, which could provide crucial information about the presence and properties of new particles that so far escaped the direct search at the LHC. We find that flavour observables and the Higgs boson mass are highly complementary in probing supersymmetric scenarios.