Among the viral infectious pathogens affecting the swine industry, porcine parvovirus (PPV1) has been considered one of the main agents responsible for reproductive failure, whose consequences are summarized in the acronym SMEDI (stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death and infertility). Since 2001 new species of porcine parvoviruses, namely PPV2-7, have been identified, although their role has not been fully understood yet. In order to fill the lack of knowledge of the new porcine parvovirus epidemiology, this study provides an epidemiological update on the viral circulation in Italy, by evaluating their presence in fetuses collected from reproductive failure outbreaks in Northern Italian farms and delivered to the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dellâ Emilia Romagna (IZSLER). The detection of the different PPV species was performed using four different duplex real-time PCR assays, already described in previous studies. The PPV positivity was also discussed in relation to the frequencies of other pathogens detected by the diagnostic panel for reproductive failure in use at IZSLER. PPV2-7 new species were detected in at least one farm among those tested in 2019 and the most frequently detected species are in order PPV6-1-3-7. Positive farms for at least one PPV species accounted for 46.7% and 57.4% of the total farms tested in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Among the detected co-infections, the contemporaneous presence of PCV-2 and at least one PPV species was the most frequent epidemiological finding, as they were identified in 23.8% of the total farms. The detection of the new parvovirus species is indicative of their circulation in the Italian territory. However, although the identification of new parvovirus species in samples from reproductive failure outbreaks might be suggestive of a potential clinical role, it is not enough to support the causal nexus. Thus, further dedicated and standardized studies considering different matrices and production categories, are needed to verify the real impact of new parvovirus species and describe their circulation. Moreover, the development and validation of a sequencing method would provide diagnostic confirmation in terms of specificity and could be the launching pad for future phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological studies.

Epidemiologia delle nuove specie di parvovirus del suino in focolai di reproductive failure in Italia

Faustini, Giulia
2021/2022

Abstract

Among the viral infectious pathogens affecting the swine industry, porcine parvovirus (PPV1) has been considered one of the main agents responsible for reproductive failure, whose consequences are summarized in the acronym SMEDI (stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death and infertility). Since 2001 new species of porcine parvoviruses, namely PPV2-7, have been identified, although their role has not been fully understood yet. In order to fill the lack of knowledge of the new porcine parvovirus epidemiology, this study provides an epidemiological update on the viral circulation in Italy, by evaluating their presence in fetuses collected from reproductive failure outbreaks in Northern Italian farms and delivered to the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dellâ Emilia Romagna (IZSLER). The detection of the different PPV species was performed using four different duplex real-time PCR assays, already described in previous studies. The PPV positivity was also discussed in relation to the frequencies of other pathogens detected by the diagnostic panel for reproductive failure in use at IZSLER. PPV2-7 new species were detected in at least one farm among those tested in 2019 and the most frequently detected species are in order PPV6-1-3-7. Positive farms for at least one PPV species accounted for 46.7% and 57.4% of the total farms tested in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Among the detected co-infections, the contemporaneous presence of PCV-2 and at least one PPV species was the most frequent epidemiological finding, as they were identified in 23.8% of the total farms. The detection of the new parvovirus species is indicative of their circulation in the Italian territory. However, although the identification of new parvovirus species in samples from reproductive failure outbreaks might be suggestive of a potential clinical role, it is not enough to support the causal nexus. Thus, further dedicated and standardized studies considering different matrices and production categories, are needed to verify the real impact of new parvovirus species and describe their circulation. Moreover, the development and validation of a sequencing method would provide diagnostic confirmation in terms of specificity and could be the launching pad for future phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological studies.
2021-07-22
101
swine, porcine parvovirus, reproductive failure, Real-time PCR, Italy
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/28735