This study investigates the uptake and transport of pollutants in tomato plants exposed to organic fertilizer (digestate). The new EU Regulation No. 1009/2019 will replace EU Regulation (EC) No. 2003/2003 on July 16, 2022, and will allow the incorporation of new and innovative organic fertilizers, including liming materials such as organic soil improvers and digestates derived from resources other than fresh crops. Thus, this research investigation examined the environmental bioavailability of trace elements (TEs), notably metals, to tomato plants using the RHIZOtest bioassay, in which plants were exposed to control and test the soil. The test soil was a combination of ordinary soil and digestate from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW). The results suggested that when exposed plants were compared to control plants, their root biomass increased significantly (p < 0.05). The amounts of Cd (0.3 mg kg-1 d.w.), Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb (5 mg kg-1 d.w.) in the control and treatment groups were equivalent to or less than the limit of quantification (LOQ). Despite the fact that the concentrations in the shoots were greater, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0,05) in the mean Zn concentrations in the roots of the plants. This indicates that the accumulation of Zn in shoots was facilitated. The decreased flux value (ng m-2 s-1) also demonstrated that zinc was deposited in the plants' shoots. This was not true, however, for the remaining trace elements. While the results indicate that the risk of increased zinc accumulation in tomato shoots is quite low, additional studies with a greater number of replicates may be required to substantiate this observation and conduct efficient analysis, thereby improving standards and providing efficient modeling for uptake in plants. Keywords: Plant uptake; Contaminants; Fertilizers; RHIZOtest; Rhizosphere; Translocation; Trace elements; Bioavailability.
Questo studio indaga l'assorbimento e il trasporto di inquinanti nelle piante di pomodoro esposte al fertilizzante organico (digestato). Il nuovo Regolamento UE n. 1009/2019 sostituirà il Regolamento UE (CE) n. 2003/2003 il 16 luglio 2022 e consentirà l'incorporazione di fertilizzanti organici nuovi e innovativi, compresi materiali calcificanti come ammendanti organici e digestati derivati da risorse diverse dalle colture fresche. Pertanto, questa ricerca ha esaminato la biodisponibilità ambientale di oligoelementi (TE), in particolare metalli, alle piante di pomodoro utilizzando il biotest RHIZOtest, durante il quale le piante sono state esposte al controllo e al terreno di prova. Il terreno di prova era una combinazione di terreno ordinario e digestato dalla frazione organica dei rifiuti solidi urbani (OFMSW). I risultati hanno evidenziato che la biomassa radicale delle piante esposte è aumentata in modo significativo (p < 0,05) rispetto a quanto rilevato sulle piane di controllo. Le quantità di Cd (0,3 mg kg-1 s.s.), Cr, Cu, Ni e Pb (5 mg kg-1 s.s.) nei gruppi di controllo e di trattamento erano equivalenti o inferiori al limite di quantificazione (LOQ). Nonostante il fatto che le concentrazioni nei germogli fossero maggiori, c'era una differenza statisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) nelle concentrazioni medie di Zn nelle radici delle piante. Ciò indica che l'accumulo di Zn nei germogli è stato facilitato. La diminuzione del valore di flusso (ng m-2 s-1) ha anche dimostrato che lo zinco si è depositato nei germogli delle piante. Questo fenomeno non si è, tuttavia, verificato per gli oligoelementi rimanenti. Mentre i risultati indicano che il rischio di aumento dell'accumulo di zinco nei germogli di pomodoro è piuttosto basso, potrebbero essere necessari ulteriori studi con un numero maggiore di repliche per convalidare questa osservazione e condurre analisi efficienti, migliorando così gli standard e fornendo una modellazione efficiente per l'assorbimento nelle piante.
TESTING THE PLANT UPTAKE OF CHEMICALS IN FERTILIZERS
FAROOQ, UMAR
2021/2022
Abstract
This study investigates the uptake and transport of pollutants in tomato plants exposed to organic fertilizer (digestate). The new EU Regulation No. 1009/2019 will replace EU Regulation (EC) No. 2003/2003 on July 16, 2022, and will allow the incorporation of new and innovative organic fertilizers, including liming materials such as organic soil improvers and digestates derived from resources other than fresh crops. Thus, this research investigation examined the environmental bioavailability of trace elements (TEs), notably metals, to tomato plants using the RHIZOtest bioassay, in which plants were exposed to control and test the soil. The test soil was a combination of ordinary soil and digestate from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW). The results suggested that when exposed plants were compared to control plants, their root biomass increased significantly (p < 0.05). The amounts of Cd (0.3 mg kg-1 d.w.), Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb (5 mg kg-1 d.w.) in the control and treatment groups were equivalent to or less than the limit of quantification (LOQ). Despite the fact that the concentrations in the shoots were greater, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0,05) in the mean Zn concentrations in the roots of the plants. This indicates that the accumulation of Zn in shoots was facilitated. The decreased flux value (ng m-2 s-1) also demonstrated that zinc was deposited in the plants' shoots. This was not true, however, for the remaining trace elements. While the results indicate that the risk of increased zinc accumulation in tomato shoots is quite low, additional studies with a greater number of replicates may be required to substantiate this observation and conduct efficient analysis, thereby improving standards and providing efficient modeling for uptake in plants. Keywords: Plant uptake; Contaminants; Fertilizers; RHIZOtest; Rhizosphere; Translocation; Trace elements; Bioavailability.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/29550