Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a relevant cardiovascular risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, it is of paramount importance to investigate the role of diabetes on coronary atherosclerotic plaque development, and its association with specific plaque characteristics, in comparison with non-diabetic population. Aims Aims of this retrospective study are: 1. To describe the characteristics of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, in DM2 subjects compared to non-DM2, by means of coronary angioCT examination; 2. To investigate the pericoronary inflammation degree, applying the perivascular fat attenuation index (pFAI), in the same groups of subjects. Moreover, in all the patients, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) are recorded, during a long-term follow-up period. Methods Ninety-six subjects, 28 with DM2 and 68 without diabetes, were identified from a database of 441 subjects who underwent a coronary angioCT c/o the Radiological Clinic of the Hospital - University of Padua, from 1/3/2016 to 31/06/2021. In all the patients, following data were collected: demographic, anthropometric, and main clinical parameters; if a coronary plaque was present, it was defined as non-at-high-risk or at-high-risk, on the basis of specific characteristic (low attenuation plaque, napkin ring, remodeling index); and analysis of pericoronary fat attenuation index (pFAI). In all the subjects, MACE are collected, during a follow-up period of 17,316,2 months. Results The main result of this study is the evidence of an increased attenuation of pericoronary fat (pFAI) in DM2 subjects compared to non-diabetic subjects (median: -82,869,47 vs -89,199,26 HU; p=0,003; mean: -87,678,11 vs -92,667,78 HU, respectively; p=0,006). A strong correlation was found between pFAI and BMI (p = 0.036, r = 0.292) and weight (p = 0.005, r = 0.357). DM2 and non-DM2 subjects showed the same number and type (high-risk vs non-high risk) of coronary plaques; however, the 2 groups were very similar for clinical features and cardiovascular risk. A significant difference was observed in coronary diameter between DM2 patients and controls (1.480.90 vs 1.900.75 cm3 p=0.02); this could suggest a greater degree of vasoconstriction in DM2 patients. With regard to cardiovascular outcomes, the same incidence was found in DM2 subjects and controls (n 7 vs 12, respectively; p=0,367). Finally, we could not find any significant difference about plaque types between subjects with or without a cardiovascular event. On the other hand, a higher degree of inflammation of the pericoronary fat, as expressed by the pFAI index seems to be peculiar of DM2. Moreover, pFAI index is significantly higher in subjects who develop a MACE, compared with controls (mean -82,586,60 vs -88,0389,49 HU, respectively; p=0,007; median -87,585,85 vs -91,767,79 HU, respectively; p=0,035). Conclusions In conclusion, type 2 diabetes mellitus does not seem to significantly affect the composition of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, being similar the cardiovascular profile. On the other hand, a high level of pericoronary inflammation, as expressed by pFAI, seems to be peculiar of DM2. pFAI index can be considered as a biomarker predictor of MACE.
Introduzione Il diabete mellito di tipo 2 (DM2) rappresenta uno dei principali fattori di rischio per lo sviluppo della cardiopatia ischemica (CAD). Pertanto, è di cruciale importanza indagare il ruolo della patologia diabetica nello sviluppo della placca aterosclerotica coronarica e studiare possibili peculiarità nella sua composizione rispetto alla popolazione non-diabetica. Scopo Questo studio retrospettivo si prefigge due obbiettivi: 1. descrivere le caratteristiche della placca aterosclerotica coronarica nel paziente diabetico, in confronto al soggetto non-diabetico, mediante angioTC con mezzo di contrasto; 2. Indagare la componente infiammatoria cardiaca perivascolare coronarica, tramite l’analisi dell’indice pFAI (perivascular fat attenuation index), negli stessi gruppi di soggetti. Inoltre, in tutti i soggetti, saranno registrati i successivi eventi cardiovascolari maggiori (MACE) in un periodo di follow up a lungo termine. Metodi Da un database di 441 soggetti sottoposti ad angioTC coronarica, c/o la Clinica Radiologica dell’Azienda Ospedaliera – Università di Padova, dal 1/3/2016 al 31/06/2021, sono stati identificati 96 soggetti, dei quali 28 affetti da DM2 e 68 non diabetici, paragonabili per sesso, età e caratteristiche cliniche. Per tutti i soggetti sono stati raccolti retrospettivamente i seguenti dati: parametri demografici, antropometrici, principali parametri clinici, terapia in atto; caratteristiche della placca coronarica (qualora presente), definita non ad alto rischio o ad alto rischio, in base alla presenza di specifiche caratteristiche radiologiche (low attenuation plaque, napkin ring, remodeling index); analisi dell’infiammazione del grasso pericoronarico (pFAI). In tutti i soggetti inoltre, sono stati raccolti i MACE, in un periodo di follow-up di 17,316,2 mesi. Risultati Il principale risultato di questo studio è il riscontro di una maggiore attenuazione del grasso pericoronarico (pFAI), in soggetti affetti da DM2 in confronto a soggetti non diabetici (mediana: -82,869,47 vs -89,199,26 HU; p=0,003; media: -87,678,11 vs -92,667,78 HU, rispettivamente; p=0,006). Il pFAI correlava significativamente con il BMI (p=0,036, r=0,292) e il peso (p=0,005, r=0,357). Non sono state invece rilevate differenze statisticamente significative, nel confronto fra i due gruppi, per quanto riguarda la prevalenza e le caratteristiche di placca ad alto rischio; va peraltro sottolineato che i 2 gruppi erano molto omogenei per caratteristiche cliniche e fattori di rischio cardiovascolare. Inoltre, abbiamo osservato una differenza significativa nel diametro coronarico tra pazienti diabetici e controlli, che potrebbe riflettere un maggior grado di vasocostrizione nei DM2 (1,480,90 vs 1,900,75 cm3 rispettivamente; p= 0,02). Per quanto riguarda gli outcome cardiovascolari, abbiamo osservato la stessa incidenza tra soggetti DM2 e controlli (n 7 vs 12, rispettivamente; p=0,367). Infine, non abbiamo osservato differenze relative alle caratteristiche di placca tra i soggetti con evento e senza evento cardiovascolare, ma al contrario, abbiamo riscontrato valori di pFAI significativamente maggiori nei pazienti con futuro MACE (media -82,586,60 vs -88,0389,49 HU, rispettivamente; p=0,007; mediana -87,585,85 vs -91,767,79 HU, rispettivamente; p=0,035). Conclusioni In conclusione, il diabete mellito tipo 2 non sembra influire in maniera significativa sulla composizione della placca aterosclerotica coronarica, a parità di fattori di rischio cardiovascolare. Al contrario, caratteristica peculiare del DM2 pare essere l’elevato grado di infiammazione del grasso pericoronarico, espresso dall’indice pFAI. L’indice pFAI può essere considerato un biomarcatore predittore di evento coronarico.
Ruolo del Diabete Mellito nella genesi della composizione delle placche coronariche
ZOLIN, ALBERTO
2021/2022
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a relevant cardiovascular risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, it is of paramount importance to investigate the role of diabetes on coronary atherosclerotic plaque development, and its association with specific plaque characteristics, in comparison with non-diabetic population. Aims Aims of this retrospective study are: 1. To describe the characteristics of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, in DM2 subjects compared to non-DM2, by means of coronary angioCT examination; 2. To investigate the pericoronary inflammation degree, applying the perivascular fat attenuation index (pFAI), in the same groups of subjects. Moreover, in all the patients, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) are recorded, during a long-term follow-up period. Methods Ninety-six subjects, 28 with DM2 and 68 without diabetes, were identified from a database of 441 subjects who underwent a coronary angioCT c/o the Radiological Clinic of the Hospital - University of Padua, from 1/3/2016 to 31/06/2021. In all the patients, following data were collected: demographic, anthropometric, and main clinical parameters; if a coronary plaque was present, it was defined as non-at-high-risk or at-high-risk, on the basis of specific characteristic (low attenuation plaque, napkin ring, remodeling index); and analysis of pericoronary fat attenuation index (pFAI). In all the subjects, MACE are collected, during a follow-up period of 17,316,2 months. Results The main result of this study is the evidence of an increased attenuation of pericoronary fat (pFAI) in DM2 subjects compared to non-diabetic subjects (median: -82,869,47 vs -89,199,26 HU; p=0,003; mean: -87,678,11 vs -92,667,78 HU, respectively; p=0,006). A strong correlation was found between pFAI and BMI (p = 0.036, r = 0.292) and weight (p = 0.005, r = 0.357). DM2 and non-DM2 subjects showed the same number and type (high-risk vs non-high risk) of coronary plaques; however, the 2 groups were very similar for clinical features and cardiovascular risk. A significant difference was observed in coronary diameter between DM2 patients and controls (1.480.90 vs 1.900.75 cm3 p=0.02); this could suggest a greater degree of vasoconstriction in DM2 patients. With regard to cardiovascular outcomes, the same incidence was found in DM2 subjects and controls (n 7 vs 12, respectively; p=0,367). Finally, we could not find any significant difference about plaque types between subjects with or without a cardiovascular event. On the other hand, a higher degree of inflammation of the pericoronary fat, as expressed by the pFAI index seems to be peculiar of DM2. Moreover, pFAI index is significantly higher in subjects who develop a MACE, compared with controls (mean -82,586,60 vs -88,0389,49 HU, respectively; p=0,007; median -87,585,85 vs -91,767,79 HU, respectively; p=0,035). Conclusions In conclusion, type 2 diabetes mellitus does not seem to significantly affect the composition of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, being similar the cardiovascular profile. On the other hand, a high level of pericoronary inflammation, as expressed by pFAI, seems to be peculiar of DM2. pFAI index can be considered as a biomarker predictor of MACE.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/30779