Visually oriented social media such as Instagram nowadays exert an ever greater influence in the lives of millions of people, having become a tool for discovery and understanding of themselves and the surrounding world. It is in fact through the publication and sharing of photos, posts and comments that each of us has the opportunity to build their own identity and image. However, the content presented by such social media is often sexualized and idealized. Such sexualization can cause a negative impact on women's body satisfaction. The following research work therefore aims to investigate how exposure to idealized and sexualized content compared to content belonging to the Body Positive movement can affect and influence the body satisfaction of users exposed to it. It will also be analyzed how the problematic use of social media can affect the relationship between exposure to certain content and the level of body satisfaction. Starting from the description of one of the most used social networks of the moment, Instagram, and the reasons behind its use, the research will continue with the examination of studies in the literature. These studies analyze the role played by sexual objectification and the mechanism of social confrontation, which has been seen to be the basis of feelings of frustration and sadness that lead users to experience feelings of bodily dissatisfaction. Italian female participants (N = 365), aged 18 to 35, were randomly exposed to one of three video conditions: idealized and sexualized condition where the women portrayed represent the ideal of thinness and the focus is on the body and on the sensual poses taken by the girls portrayed; condition of sexualized Body positivity, where the women portrayed represent all body types in an inclusive way, through sensual poses; condition of non-sexualized Body positivity, where the women portrayed represent all body types in an inclusive way without presenting themselves in a sexualized way. In the condition of idealized and sexualized images, the satisfaction of the participants decreased compared to the pre-exposure levels, unlike the exposure to the sexualized Body positive condition, where the body satisfaction of the participants is even increased compared to the pre-exposure levels. Furthermore, the problematic use of social media has influenced the body satisfaction of young users, causing a decrease in body satisfaction only in the idealized and sexualized condition. These results suggest that Instagram users should be aware and aware of the possible negative feedback that could result from viewing sexualized images compared to the consequent benefits of viewing images belonging to the Body positive movement and the role that the problematic use of social media can perform in influencing body satisfaction, following constant exposure to the contents presented by social networks.
I social media visivamente orientati come Instagram esercitano al giorno d’oggi un’influenza sempre maggiore nella vita di milioni di persone, essendo diventati uno strumento di scoperta e comprensione di sé stessi e del mondo circostante. È attraverso infatti la pubblicazione e la condivisione di foto, post e commenti che ciascuno di noi ha la possibilità di costruire la propria identità e la propria immagine. Tuttavia, i contenuti presentati da tale social media sono spesso sessualizzati e idealizzati. Tale sessualizzazione può causare un impatto negativo sulla soddisfazione corporea delle donne. Il seguente lavoro di ricerca si pone pertanto l’obiettivo di indagare in che modo l’esposizione a contenuti idealizzati e sessualizzati rispetto a contenuti appartenenti al movimento Body Positive possa incidere e influenzare la soddisfazione corporea delle utenti che vi sono esposte. Verrà inoltre analizzato come l’uso problematico dei social media può influenzare la relazione tra l’esposizione a determinati contenuti e il livello di soddisfazione corporea. Partendo dalla descrizione di uno dei più utilizzati social network del momento, Instagram, e delle motivazioni che si celano dietro il suo utilizzo, la ricerca proseguirà con la disamina di studi presenti in letteratura. Tali studi analizzano il ruolo svolto dall’oggettivazione sessuale e dal meccanismo del confronto sociale, che si è visto essere alla base di sentimenti di frustrazione e tristezza che conducono le utenti a sperimentare sentimenti di insoddisfazione corporea. Le partecipanti di sesso femminile italiane (N= 365), di età compresa tra i 18 e i 35 anni, sono state esposte in modo casuale a una delle tre condizioni video: condizione idealizzata e sessualizzata dove le donne ritratte rappresentano l’ideale di magrezza e il focus è sul corpo e sulle pose sensuali assunte dalle ragazze ritratte; condizione di Body positivity sessualizzato, dove le donne ritratte rappresentano in modo inclusivo, attraverso pose sensuali tutti i tipi di corpo; condizione di Body positivity non- sessualizzato, dove le donne ritratte rappresentano in modo inclusivo tutti i tipi di corpo senza però presentarsi in modo sessualizzato. Nella condizione di immagini idealizzate e sessualizzate la soddisfazione delle partecipanti è diminuita rispetto ai livelli pre-esposizione a differenza dell’esposizione alla condizione Body positive sessualizzato, dove la soddisfazione corporea delle partecipanti è addirittura aumentata rispetto ai livelli pre-esposizione. Inoltre, l’uso problematico dei social media ha influenzato la soddisfazione corporea delle giovani utenti, causando infatti una diminuzione della soddisfazione corporea solo nella condizione idealizzata e sessualizzata. Questi risultati suggeriscono che le utenti di Instagram dovrebbero essere consapevoli e a conoscenza dei possibili riscontri negativi che potrebbero derivare dalla visualizzazione di immagini sessualizzate rispetto ai benefici conseguenti alla visione di immagini appartenenti al movimento Body positive e del ruolo che l’uso problematico dei social media può svolgere nell’influenzare la soddisfazione corporea, in seguito alla costante esposizione ai contenuti presentati dai social.
Instagram e soddisfazione corporea tra le giovani donne: uno studio sperimentale
PAOLONI, LETIZIA
2021/2022
Abstract
Visually oriented social media such as Instagram nowadays exert an ever greater influence in the lives of millions of people, having become a tool for discovery and understanding of themselves and the surrounding world. It is in fact through the publication and sharing of photos, posts and comments that each of us has the opportunity to build their own identity and image. However, the content presented by such social media is often sexualized and idealized. Such sexualization can cause a negative impact on women's body satisfaction. The following research work therefore aims to investigate how exposure to idealized and sexualized content compared to content belonging to the Body Positive movement can affect and influence the body satisfaction of users exposed to it. It will also be analyzed how the problematic use of social media can affect the relationship between exposure to certain content and the level of body satisfaction. Starting from the description of one of the most used social networks of the moment, Instagram, and the reasons behind its use, the research will continue with the examination of studies in the literature. These studies analyze the role played by sexual objectification and the mechanism of social confrontation, which has been seen to be the basis of feelings of frustration and sadness that lead users to experience feelings of bodily dissatisfaction. Italian female participants (N = 365), aged 18 to 35, were randomly exposed to one of three video conditions: idealized and sexualized condition where the women portrayed represent the ideal of thinness and the focus is on the body and on the sensual poses taken by the girls portrayed; condition of sexualized Body positivity, where the women portrayed represent all body types in an inclusive way, through sensual poses; condition of non-sexualized Body positivity, where the women portrayed represent all body types in an inclusive way without presenting themselves in a sexualized way. In the condition of idealized and sexualized images, the satisfaction of the participants decreased compared to the pre-exposure levels, unlike the exposure to the sexualized Body positive condition, where the body satisfaction of the participants is even increased compared to the pre-exposure levels. Furthermore, the problematic use of social media has influenced the body satisfaction of young users, causing a decrease in body satisfaction only in the idealized and sexualized condition. These results suggest that Instagram users should be aware and aware of the possible negative feedback that could result from viewing sexualized images compared to the consequent benefits of viewing images belonging to the Body positive movement and the role that the problematic use of social media can perform in influencing body satisfaction, following constant exposure to the contents presented by social networks.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/30837