Background: Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium diagnosed by histological, immunological and immunohistochemical criteria. Although endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the diagnostic gold standard, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging has an important role in the tissue characterization with the evidence of edema, hyperemia and fibrosis, signs of inflammatory process. Furthermore, with feature tracking analysis, it allows to evaluate the effectiveness of myocardial deformation with global longitudinal peak strain (GLS), global radial peak strain (GRS) global circumferential peak strain (GCS) and the times to peak. Objective: The study aims to evaluate in patients with biopsy-proven myocarditis the potential role of global peak strain on CMR in the differentiation of acute, chronic and chronic active myocarditis. Moreover, it assesses the trend of global peak strain on follow up-CMR in patients with acute myocarditis. Methods: This retrospective-prospective study included patients with diagnosis of myocarditis from the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit of Padua University and with a CMR, between 2010 and 2021. For each patient, clinical history, onset symptomatology and tests were researched. Based on biopsy findings, the population was divided according to the stages of the disease in acute, chronic and chronic active myocarditis. On CMR for each patients the following myocardial deformation parameters were calculated: GLS, GRS, GCS and the times-to-peak. The results obtained were compared between patients with acute and chronic and with acute and chronic active myocarditis, divided according to the ejection fraction (≥ 40% and <40%). Moreover, in patients with acute myocarditis, EF, global peak strain and time-to-peak values of the first CMR were measured against parameters of the follow-up CMR. Results: 50 patients were enrolled (mean age 38,6 ± 14,4 years, 36 males and 14 females) classified on histological basis in acute myocarditis (26 patients), chronic myocarditis (13), chronic active myocarditis (9) and borderline myocarditis (2). Among patients with EF≥40%, GLS, GCS and GRS were -13,1±3,71%, -15,3±4,53% and 25,2±10,78%, the times to peak were 321,7±44,22ms, 301,5±56,11ms e 318,9±51,69ms respectively and they were not statistically different between patients with acute and chronic myocarditis and between acute and chronic active myocarditis. GLS, GCS and GRS of patients with EF<40% measured -6,06±2,33%, -7,21±3,38% and 9,52±4,15%, the times to peak were 295,22±72,18ms, 309,23±65,63ms e 309±66,69ms respectively with no difference among the three groups of patients. In patients with acute myocarditis on follow-up-CMR, there was a significant improvement in global longitudinal and circumferential peak strain over CMR at diagnosis. Conclusions: In patients with diagnosis of myocarditis, feature tracking analysis of global longitudinal, circumferential and radial peak strain does not differentiate stages of the disease, remaining to be established only by endomyocardial biopsy.
Introduzione: Le miocarditi sono delle malattie infiammatorie del miocardio diagnosticate con criteri istologici, immunologici e immunoistochimici. Nonostante il gold standard diagnostico sia rappresentato dalla biopsia endomiocardica, un ruolo importante nella pratica clinica è svolto dalla Risonanza Magnetica Cardiaca (RMC), che evidenzia la presenza, a livello del miocardio, dell’edema, dell’iperemia e della fibrosi, suggestivi di un processo flogistico in atto. Inoltre, grazie all’analisi del feature tracking, permette di valutare l’efficienza della deformazione miocardica, in termini di global peak strain e time-to-peak in senso radiale (GRS), longitudinale (GLS) e circonferenziale (GCS). Obiettivo: Lo studio si prefigge l’obiettivo di valutare in pazienti con diagnosi di miocardite, confermata alla biopsia, il potenziale valore del global peak strain alla RMC nel differenziare i casi di miocardite acuta, cronica e cronica attiva. Inoltre, vuole analizzare l’andamento dei valori del global peak strain nella RMC di follow up nei pazienti con miocardite attiva. Metodi: Questo studio retrospettivo – prospettico ha incluso pazienti dell’Unità Operativa Complessa di Patologia Cardiovascolare di Padova con diagnosi istologica di miocardite e sottoposti a RMC presso la Radiologia 1, dal 2010 al 2021. Per ogni paziente, è stata ricercata la storia clinica, la sintomatologia d’esordio e gli accertamenti eseguiti. In base ai riscontri alla biopsia endomiocardica, la popolazione è stata divisa secondo gli stadi della malattia in soggetti con miocardite attiva, miocardite cronica e miocardite cronica attiva. Alla RMC per ogni paziente sono stati calcolati i seguenti parametri di deformazione miocardica: global peak strain e time-to-peak in senso circonferenziale, radiale e longitudinale. I risultati ottenuti sono stati confrontati tra i pazienti con miocardite attiva e cronica, con miocardite attiva e cronica attiva suddivisi in base alla frazione d’eiezione (≥ 40% e <40%). Inoltre, nei pazienti con miocardite attiva sono stati messi in relazione i valori di FE, di global peak strain e di time-to-peak alla RMC alla diagnosi e al follow up. Risultati: Sono stati arruolati 50 pazienti (età media di 38,6 ± 14,4 anni, 36 maschi e 14 femmine) classificati su base istologica in miocardite attiva (26 pazienti), miocardite cronica (13), miocardite cronica attiva (9) e miocardite borderline (2). Tra i pazienti con FE≥40%, i valori GLS, GCS e GRS sono -13,1±3,71%, -15,3±4,53% e 25,2±10,78%, i rispettivi time-to-peak sono 321,7±44,22ms, 301,5±56,11ms e 318,9±51,69ms e non sono statisticamente differenti tra i pazienti con diagnosi di miocardite attiva e cronica e tra miocardite attiva e cronica attiva. I valori di GLS, GCS e GRS dei pazienti con FE<40% sono -6,06±2,33%, -7,21±3,38% e 9,52±4,15%, i time-to-peak sono 295,22±72,18ms, 309,23±65,63ms e 309±66,69ms e anche in questo caso non c’è una differenza statisticamente significativa tra attiva e cronica e tra attiva e cronica attiva. Nei pazienti con miocardite attiva, alla RMC di follow up, si è notato un miglioramento significativo del global longitudinal peak strain e global circumferential peak strain rispetto alla RMC alla diagnosi. Conclusioni: In pazienti con diagnosi di miocardite, l’analisi feature-tracking del global peak strain in senso longitudinale, circonferenziale e radiale non è in grado di differenziare i vari stadi della malattia, che rimane ancora una prerogativa della valutazione della biopsia endomiocardica.
L’analisi dello Strain alla Risonanza Magnetica Cardiaca in pazienti con miocardite confermata alla biopsia nell’ultimo decennio.
GAZZEA, SOFIA
2021/2022
Abstract
Background: Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium diagnosed by histological, immunological and immunohistochemical criteria. Although endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the diagnostic gold standard, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging has an important role in the tissue characterization with the evidence of edema, hyperemia and fibrosis, signs of inflammatory process. Furthermore, with feature tracking analysis, it allows to evaluate the effectiveness of myocardial deformation with global longitudinal peak strain (GLS), global radial peak strain (GRS) global circumferential peak strain (GCS) and the times to peak. Objective: The study aims to evaluate in patients with biopsy-proven myocarditis the potential role of global peak strain on CMR in the differentiation of acute, chronic and chronic active myocarditis. Moreover, it assesses the trend of global peak strain on follow up-CMR in patients with acute myocarditis. Methods: This retrospective-prospective study included patients with diagnosis of myocarditis from the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit of Padua University and with a CMR, between 2010 and 2021. For each patient, clinical history, onset symptomatology and tests were researched. Based on biopsy findings, the population was divided according to the stages of the disease in acute, chronic and chronic active myocarditis. On CMR for each patients the following myocardial deformation parameters were calculated: GLS, GRS, GCS and the times-to-peak. The results obtained were compared between patients with acute and chronic and with acute and chronic active myocarditis, divided according to the ejection fraction (≥ 40% and <40%). Moreover, in patients with acute myocarditis, EF, global peak strain and time-to-peak values of the first CMR were measured against parameters of the follow-up CMR. Results: 50 patients were enrolled (mean age 38,6 ± 14,4 years, 36 males and 14 females) classified on histological basis in acute myocarditis (26 patients), chronic myocarditis (13), chronic active myocarditis (9) and borderline myocarditis (2). Among patients with EF≥40%, GLS, GCS and GRS were -13,1±3,71%, -15,3±4,53% and 25,2±10,78%, the times to peak were 321,7±44,22ms, 301,5±56,11ms e 318,9±51,69ms respectively and they were not statistically different between patients with acute and chronic myocarditis and between acute and chronic active myocarditis. GLS, GCS and GRS of patients with EF<40% measured -6,06±2,33%, -7,21±3,38% and 9,52±4,15%, the times to peak were 295,22±72,18ms, 309,23±65,63ms e 309±66,69ms respectively with no difference among the three groups of patients. In patients with acute myocarditis on follow-up-CMR, there was a significant improvement in global longitudinal and circumferential peak strain over CMR at diagnosis. Conclusions: In patients with diagnosis of myocarditis, feature tracking analysis of global longitudinal, circumferential and radial peak strain does not differentiate stages of the disease, remaining to be established only by endomyocardial biopsy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/30907