The global biodiversity is constantly reducing. The loss is also affecting the husbandry: based on FAO’s data, in the last years there has been a loss of 30% of the local cattle breeds, while the numbers of more specialized breeds are increasing. The loss of local cattle breeds is also related to the decay of many agroecosystems, with the consequential degradation of surrounding natural environment, and the decline of local productions. It is then affirmed the importance of the protection of local breeds, as shown by the numerous safeguard projects led by the European Union and many Italian regions. In Veneto, the sole autochthonous cattle breed is the Burlina: it is a dual purpose breed who reached the Venetian Alps (more precisely between Vicenza and Treviso) in 100 A.D, and it is a native breed from the Jutland’s peninsula. It is a small size breed, with high rusticity and well adapted to poor and rough meadows. The milk production is rather low, but it is bonded with the production of two local cheeses: the Morlacco and the Bastardo del Grappa. Since the beginning of the XX century, the Burlina has been endangered different times, both due to two World Wars and the attempts at replacing it with more productive breeds. Nonetheless, starting from 1980, different conservation programs have started, with the subsequential growth the Burlina population; meanwhile, the inbreeding is also being monitored, since it is a common issue for local breeds. Besides the programs of protection and monitoring of the race, throughout the years the low profitability of the race has been confronted as well: while it is partially compensated by European incentives, the Burlina’s cheeses has been valorized as well, in an effort to make the Burlina rearing profitable. In relation to this aspect, there have been studies that have shown the technological qualities of the Burlina milk. It has also been considered the production of Burlina meat, which can be a new source of income for the farmers.
La biodiversità a livello globale è in continua diminuzione. La perdita interessa anche il comparto zootecnico: stando ai dati FAO, negli ultimi anni si sono perse il 30% delle razze bovine locali, mentre aumenta il numero di capi di razze più specializzate. La perdita di razze bovine locali porta con sé anche il degrado di diversi ambienti agro-zootecnici, con conseguente degrado degli ambienti naturali limitrofi, e la perdita di produzioni tradizionali. È quindi constatata l’importanza della salvaguardia delle razze locali, dimostrata anche dai diversi progetti di tutela attivati dall’Unione Europea e dalle diverse Regioni. Nel caso del Veneto, l’unica razza bovina autoctona è la Burlina: è una razza a duplice attitudine, giunta sulle Alpi venete (in particolare nelle province di Vicenza e Treviso) nel 100 a.C., dalla penisola dello Jutland. È una razza di ridotte dimensioni, con spiccata rusticità e ben adattata a pascoli poveri e impervi. La produzione lattifera è contenuta, ma è legata alla produzione di formaggi tipici come il Morlacco e il Bastardo del Grappa. La Burlina, a partire dal XX secolo, ha rischiato diverse volte di scomparire, a causa delle Guerre Mondiali e dai diversi tentativi di sostituzione con razze più specializzate e produttive. Sono stati tuttavia introdotti, a partire dal 1980, diversi programmi di tutela della Burlina, con un conseguente aumento del numero di capi allevati; in parallelo si monitora anche lo stato di consanguineità tra i soggetti, problematica comune a molte razze a limitata diffusione. Oltre ai programmi di tutela e monitoraggio della razza, nel corso degli anni si è anche affrontata la problematica della scarsa produttività e redditività: compensata in parte da incentivi comunitari, sono anche stati valorizzati i formaggi monorazza di Burlina, in modo da renderne l’allevamento proficuo per gli allevatori. A riguardo, sono stati svolti studi mirati a delineare le caratteristiche del latte, che presenta una buona resa casearia. È stata anche valutata la possibilità della produzione di carne di Burlina, che rappresenterebbe quindi un ulteriore fonte di reddito per gli allevatori.
La Burlina: stato attuale della popolazione, tutela e valorizzazione
COLETTO, FRANCESCO
2021/2022
Abstract
The global biodiversity is constantly reducing. The loss is also affecting the husbandry: based on FAO’s data, in the last years there has been a loss of 30% of the local cattle breeds, while the numbers of more specialized breeds are increasing. The loss of local cattle breeds is also related to the decay of many agroecosystems, with the consequential degradation of surrounding natural environment, and the decline of local productions. It is then affirmed the importance of the protection of local breeds, as shown by the numerous safeguard projects led by the European Union and many Italian regions. In Veneto, the sole autochthonous cattle breed is the Burlina: it is a dual purpose breed who reached the Venetian Alps (more precisely between Vicenza and Treviso) in 100 A.D, and it is a native breed from the Jutland’s peninsula. It is a small size breed, with high rusticity and well adapted to poor and rough meadows. The milk production is rather low, but it is bonded with the production of two local cheeses: the Morlacco and the Bastardo del Grappa. Since the beginning of the XX century, the Burlina has been endangered different times, both due to two World Wars and the attempts at replacing it with more productive breeds. Nonetheless, starting from 1980, different conservation programs have started, with the subsequential growth the Burlina population; meanwhile, the inbreeding is also being monitored, since it is a common issue for local breeds. Besides the programs of protection and monitoring of the race, throughout the years the low profitability of the race has been confronted as well: while it is partially compensated by European incentives, the Burlina’s cheeses has been valorized as well, in an effort to make the Burlina rearing profitable. In relation to this aspect, there have been studies that have shown the technological qualities of the Burlina milk. It has also been considered the production of Burlina meat, which can be a new source of income for the farmers.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/32278