ABSTRACT Introduction Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is defined as a Pulmonary Artery Mean Pressure (PAPm) equal to or greater than 25 mmHg at right heart catheterization at rest (updated to greater than 20 mmHg in August 2022). Pulmonary hypertension ca be further classified into 5 groups: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), PH associated with left heart disease, PH associated with lung diseases and/or hypoxia, PH associated with pulmonary artery obstruction and PH with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms. Aim of the study The present study was design to investigate epidemiological and survival data of patients with group 1 PAH, followed at the Pulmonary Hypertension Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital of Padova. In addition, we performed a comparison of the data collected with those of other European databases. Methods Retrospective observational study of patients evaluated at the overmentioned Outpatient Clinic in the time range between December 2015 and June 2022. Demographic, clinical, imaging, RHC, and survival variables were collected. The main outcome evaluated was the combined endpoint of death or lung transplantation. Results From 116 patients initially evaluated, 11 patients with PH associated with left heart disease were excluded. Of the remaining 105 subjects, PH classification was as follows: 74 (66%) patients with group 1 PH, 8 (7%) with group 3 PH, 22 (20%) with group 4 and 8 (7%) with group 5. Regarding patients with group 1 PAH, the focus of this study, the median age at diagnosis was 63 years old, while 78% were female. Regarding the subgroups within group 1 PH, the most represented subtype was that of PH associated with connective tissue diseases, with 33 (45%) patients, followed by idiopathic PAH (IPAH), with 11 (15%) patients. The therapeutic approach with specific medications, at diagnosis, consisted of 48 (65%) patients on single vasodilator therapy, 14 (20%) patients on dual vasodilator therapy and 2 (3%) patients on triple vasodilator therapy; at the last visit available for each patient, those in single therapy were 33 (52%), in dual therapy 15 (24%) and triple therapy 6 (9.4%). During a median follow-up was 33 months (18-46), 20 (27%) patients had at least one hospitalization for heart failure and 21 (28%) died or underwent lung transplant (n = 3). Deceased / lung transplant patients demonstrated significantly higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) values (p value=0.014); a population-specific cutoff of 7.3 UW was able to identify patients with worst survival with Kaplan Meier analysis (log rank 0.006). The Paduan database findings were then compared with other European registers: the French register, the Spanish register, the register COMPERA, the Giessen register and the Latvian register. The subgroup most represented in these registers was IPAH, while the therapeutic approach most used was a single vasodilatory therapy. Discussion and conclusion In the present cohort of patients with PAH, the most represented subgroup was that of patients with PAH associated to connective tissue diseases, differently than in other international registries where the majority of patients have IPAH. As for the functional class, our patients demonstrated better clinical conditions, being more frequently in functional class I-II, compared to the European registers in which class III is the most represented. As suggested in the most recent International Guidelines, in our cohort we found a progressively increasing use of combination therapy. Finally, PVR emerged as an important determinant of mid-term prognosis in our PAH patients.
Il termine ipertensione polmonare definisce una condizione clinica nella quale, al cateterismo cardiaco destro, viene riscontrata una pressione polmonare arteriosa media superiore ad un cutoff, definito pari o superiore a 25 mmHg fino ad Agosto 2022. La classificazione clinica dell’ipertensione polmonare prevede la divisione in 5 gruppi: ipertensione arteriosa polmonare, PH legata a patologie del cuore sinistro, PH legata a patologie polmonari e/o ad ipossia, PH da tromboembolismo cronico o da altre cause di ostruzione delle arterie polmonari ed PH causata da meccanismi multifattoriali. Lo studio proposto mira alla valutazione dei dati epidemiologici e di sopravvivenza dei pazienti affetti da ipertensione arteriosa polmonare di gruppo 1 seguiti presso l’Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova. Inoltre, è stato eseguito un confronto dei dati raccolti con quelli di altri database europei. Studio retrospettivo osservazionale di pazienti valutati presso la UOC Cardiologia dell’Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova nel periodo compreso tra dicembre 2015 e giugno 2022. Sono state raccolte variabili demografiche, cliniche, di imaging, di RHC e di sopravvivenza. L’outcome principale valutato è stato l’endpoint combinato di morte o trapianto polmonare. Dalla 116 pazienti inizialmente valutati, sono stati esclusi 11 pazienti con diagnosi di PH di gruppo 2. La coorte finale era quindi di 105 soggetti: 74(66%)con diagnosi di PH di gruppo 1, 8 (7%) con diagnosi di PH di gruppo 3, 22 (20%) con diagnosi di PH di gruppo 4 e 8 (7%) con diagnosi di PH di gruppo 5. Nei pazienti con PAH di gruppo 1, l’età media alla diagnosi era pari a 63 anni, mentre 58 erano femmine. Tra i sottogruppi del gruppo 1, la classe più rappresentata era quella di pazienti affetti da PH legata a patologie del connettivo, con 33 (45%) pazienti, seguita da PAH idiopatica (IPAH), con 11 (15%) pazienti. La WHO-FC alla diagnosi comprende 47 (64%) soggetti in classe I o II, 21 (28%) soggetti in classe III e 4 (5%) soggetti in classe IV. L’approccio terapeutico con farmaci specifici alla diagnosi consisteva in 48 (65%) pazienti in singola terapia vasodilatatoria, 14 (20%) pazienti in duplice terapia vasodilatatoria e 2(3%) pazienti in triplice terapia vasodilatatoria; all’ultima visita disponibile, coloro in singola terapia risultavano 33 (52%), in duplice terapia 15 (24%) e in triplice terapia 6 (9,4%). Il follow-up mediano è risultato di 33 mesi (18-46); durante tale periodo, 20 (27%) pazienti hanno avuto almeno 1 ricovero per scompenso cardiaco e 21 (28%) sono deceduti o sono stati sottoposti a trapianto polmonare (n=3). I pazienti deceduti/sottoposti a trapianto polmonare hanno dimostrato valori significativamente maggiori di resistenze vascolari polmonari (p value=0.014); un cutoff popolazione-specifico di 7.3 UW era in grado di individuare i pazienti con sopravvivenza peggiore all’analisi di Kaplan Meier (log rank 0.006). Il database padovano è stato confrontato con altri registri europei: il registro francese, il registro spagnolo, il registro COMPERA, il registro Giessen ed il registro Latvian. Il sottogruppo più rappresentato in questi registri è la IPAH, mentre l’approccio terapeutico più utilizzato è la monoterapia vasodilatatoria. Nella presente coorte di Pazienti con PAH, la componente più rappresentata era quella di pazienti con PAH legata a malattie del connettivo, differentemente dai registri internazionali in cui la maggioranza dei pazienti è affetta da IPAH. Come specchio delle modifiche delle Linee Guida Internazionali, nella nostra coorte si è assistito a un progressivo maggiore utilizzo della terapia di combinazione. Infine, dai nostri dati, è emerso un importante significato prognostico dei valori di PVR nel medio termine.
Ipertensione arteriosa polmonare: dati epidemiologici e di sopravvivenza di centro di riferimento Hub
CAIONI, FRANCESCO
2021/2022
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is defined as a Pulmonary Artery Mean Pressure (PAPm) equal to or greater than 25 mmHg at right heart catheterization at rest (updated to greater than 20 mmHg in August 2022). Pulmonary hypertension ca be further classified into 5 groups: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), PH associated with left heart disease, PH associated with lung diseases and/or hypoxia, PH associated with pulmonary artery obstruction and PH with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms. Aim of the study The present study was design to investigate epidemiological and survival data of patients with group 1 PAH, followed at the Pulmonary Hypertension Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital of Padova. In addition, we performed a comparison of the data collected with those of other European databases. Methods Retrospective observational study of patients evaluated at the overmentioned Outpatient Clinic in the time range between December 2015 and June 2022. Demographic, clinical, imaging, RHC, and survival variables were collected. The main outcome evaluated was the combined endpoint of death or lung transplantation. Results From 116 patients initially evaluated, 11 patients with PH associated with left heart disease were excluded. Of the remaining 105 subjects, PH classification was as follows: 74 (66%) patients with group 1 PH, 8 (7%) with group 3 PH, 22 (20%) with group 4 and 8 (7%) with group 5. Regarding patients with group 1 PAH, the focus of this study, the median age at diagnosis was 63 years old, while 78% were female. Regarding the subgroups within group 1 PH, the most represented subtype was that of PH associated with connective tissue diseases, with 33 (45%) patients, followed by idiopathic PAH (IPAH), with 11 (15%) patients. The therapeutic approach with specific medications, at diagnosis, consisted of 48 (65%) patients on single vasodilator therapy, 14 (20%) patients on dual vasodilator therapy and 2 (3%) patients on triple vasodilator therapy; at the last visit available for each patient, those in single therapy were 33 (52%), in dual therapy 15 (24%) and triple therapy 6 (9.4%). During a median follow-up was 33 months (18-46), 20 (27%) patients had at least one hospitalization for heart failure and 21 (28%) died or underwent lung transplant (n = 3). Deceased / lung transplant patients demonstrated significantly higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) values (p value=0.014); a population-specific cutoff of 7.3 UW was able to identify patients with worst survival with Kaplan Meier analysis (log rank 0.006). The Paduan database findings were then compared with other European registers: the French register, the Spanish register, the register COMPERA, the Giessen register and the Latvian register. The subgroup most represented in these registers was IPAH, while the therapeutic approach most used was a single vasodilatory therapy. Discussion and conclusion In the present cohort of patients with PAH, the most represented subgroup was that of patients with PAH associated to connective tissue diseases, differently than in other international registries where the majority of patients have IPAH. As for the functional class, our patients demonstrated better clinical conditions, being more frequently in functional class I-II, compared to the European registers in which class III is the most represented. As suggested in the most recent International Guidelines, in our cohort we found a progressively increasing use of combination therapy. Finally, PVR emerged as an important determinant of mid-term prognosis in our PAH patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/33493