Conspiracy theories have always been part of human history, they provide answers about the causes of an event, but it can also have harmful social consequences. Most of the time, conspiracy theories support ideologies based on prejudice, violence and racism, therefore they represent, according to various researchers, a risk that should not be underestimated. In this historical period characterized by the pandemic, we can see the negative effects of this phenomenon, translated into a general attitude of mistrust towards scientific research committed to demonstrating the efficacy of vaccines to fight the Covid-19 disease. The current study proposes to investigate two main aims: (1) testing if general and specific COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs are associated with some personality traits and, (2) discovering if basic executive functions, including the attentional capture, voluntary control and inhibitory tagging are related to conspiracy thinking. During our study we used six experimental tasks: the first three experiments are to test the executive functions and they are the Reaction Time Test, the Go/No-Go task and the MILO (Multi-Item-Localization) task. In the following part, we proposed the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to test personality traits and to conclude we have submitted all the participants to two questionnaires, the first is the Generic Beliefs Scale (GCBS) to investigate the general conspiracy thinking, instead the second questionnaire was used to explore specific conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19. Our research, in particular the MILO task, shows that the group with the highest level of conspiracy thinking got the best score in the reaction time test, and this finding suggests that they have a faster attentional capture. The other experiments did not show significant results, indeed, we continue the research by expanding the sample of participants.
Le teorie del complotto hanno sempre fatto parte della storia umana, ma possono anche avere conseguenze sociali dannose supportando ideologie basate sul pregiudizio, sulla violenza, sul razzismo, rappresentando pertanto, secondo vari ricercatori, un rischio da non sottovalutare. In questo periodo storico caratterizzato dalla pandemia, possiamo vedere gli effetti negativi di questo fenomeno tradotti in un generale atteggiamento di sfiducia nei confronti della ricerca scientifica impiegata a dimostrare l’efficacia dei vaccini per combattere la malattia del Covid-19. Il presente studio si è proposto di indagare due obiettivi principali: (1) verificare se le convinzioni cospirative generali e specifiche del Covid-19 sono associate ad alcuni tratti della personalità e, (2) scoprire se le funzioni esecutive di base, tra cui la cattura dell'attenzione, il controllo inibitorio volontario e automatico sono legati al pensiero complottistico. Al fine di verificare la nostra ipotesi di partenza abbiamo reclutato un campione di soggetti adulti che è stato sottoposto a sei prove sperimentali, a partire dal paradigma sperimentale creato da Bressan et al. (2008) per misurare la cattura attentiva e la tendenza a dare un significato alle coincidenze, a seguire il Go/No-go task per misurare le capacità inibitorie ed infine il MILO (Multi-Item-Localization) task per l’efficienza dell’inhibitory tagging in un compito di ricerca visiva. Nella seconda parte è stato proposto il Big Five Inventory (BFI) per i tratti di personalità, e infine due questionari, tra cui il Generic Conspiracist Belief Scale (GCB) per misurare il pensiero complottista. I risultati più incoraggianti sono emersi dal MILO task riportando che i tempi di reazione dei soggetti più complottisti sono inferiori e questo risultato suggerisce che sono più rapidi nella cattura attentiva. Gli altri esperimenti non hanno portato a risultati significativi, infatti si prevedono futuri sviluppi con ampliamento del campione sperimentale.
Cospirazionismo, tratti di personalità e funzioni esecutive
TOMASELLI, GIULIA
2021/2022
Abstract
Conspiracy theories have always been part of human history, they provide answers about the causes of an event, but it can also have harmful social consequences. Most of the time, conspiracy theories support ideologies based on prejudice, violence and racism, therefore they represent, according to various researchers, a risk that should not be underestimated. In this historical period characterized by the pandemic, we can see the negative effects of this phenomenon, translated into a general attitude of mistrust towards scientific research committed to demonstrating the efficacy of vaccines to fight the Covid-19 disease. The current study proposes to investigate two main aims: (1) testing if general and specific COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs are associated with some personality traits and, (2) discovering if basic executive functions, including the attentional capture, voluntary control and inhibitory tagging are related to conspiracy thinking. During our study we used six experimental tasks: the first three experiments are to test the executive functions and they are the Reaction Time Test, the Go/No-Go task and the MILO (Multi-Item-Localization) task. In the following part, we proposed the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to test personality traits and to conclude we have submitted all the participants to two questionnaires, the first is the Generic Beliefs Scale (GCBS) to investigate the general conspiracy thinking, instead the second questionnaire was used to explore specific conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19. Our research, in particular the MILO task, shows that the group with the highest level of conspiracy thinking got the best score in the reaction time test, and this finding suggests that they have a faster attentional capture. The other experiments did not show significant results, indeed, we continue the research by expanding the sample of participants.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/33643