Introduction: Signaling pathways represent a system to convey precise biological stimuli, received at the cell membrane, into a coordinated gene transcription program. These extracellular stimuli can be ligands or synthetic molecules with pharmacological activity. Among known pathways, we have been most interested in Wnt/β-catenin and Nrf2/ARE signaling. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates both cell replication and differentiation. Alterations of this pathway have been linked to the onset of tumors and degenerative processes. Instead, the Nrf2/ARE signaling is involved in the response to oxidative stress and xenobiotics metabolism. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate the crosstalk between two signaling pathways, Wnt/β-catenin and Nrf2/ARE, through the identification of the dose at which a canonical Wnt pathway agonist, known as BML-284, elicits Nrf2/ARE transcriptional activity. Material and methods: The crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and Nrf2/ARE pathways has been analyzed through the use of two transgenic zebrafish reporter lines, Tg(7xtcf-Xla.siam.EGFP)ia4Tg and Tg(8xAORE:EGFP)ia201Tg. Transgenic larvae were treated with increasing concentrations of BML-284. First, a preliminary evaluation was carried out looking for fluorescence changes in treated larvae, then larvae were used to obtain RNA and protein samples to assess the treatment efficacy by Real Time PCR and Western Blot analysis. Results: Analysis of Tg(7xtcf-Xla.siam.EGFP)ia4Tg reporter larvae showed increased fluorescence associated to canonical Wnt pathway activity after BML-284 treatment. This demonstrated empirically the agonist efficacy, but doses over 750 nM caused toxic effects on treated animals. Western blot analysis of Tg(8xAORE:EGFP)ia201Tg larvae after 24 hours of treatment reported no significant changes in GFP protein levels, whereas after 48 hours treated larvae exhibited higher amounts of GFP. Lastly, although not statistically significant, evaluation through Real Time PCR of samples derived from Tg(8xAORE:EGFP)ia201Tg larvae highlighted an increased expression of both Wnt/β-catenin and Nrf2/ARE pathways target genes after 24 hours of treatment. Conclusions: Despite the onset of adverse effects at higher doses of BML-284, preliminary analyses of treated larvae highlighted a putative interaction between the two considered signaling pathways. Anyway, further investigations are needed to have a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating this crosstalk.
Introduzione: Le vie di segnalazione intracellulari costituiscono un sistema integrato di trasmissione dell’informazione biologica, potenzialmente recepita a livello della membrana cellulare, per l’avvio di un programma coordinato di trascrizione genica. Il ruolo primario di tali sistemi è di far convergere l’attività trascrizionale in risposta a stimoli biologici specifici, come ad esempio ligandi extracellulari o molecole sintetiche ad azione farmacologica. Tra le vie di segnalazione note troviamo la via di segnale Wnt/β-catenina e la via Nrf2/ARE. La prima regola sia la replicazione che il differenziamento cellulare. Alterazioni di questa via causano tumori o instaurano processi degenerativi. La via di segnale Nrf2/ARE è coinvolta, invece, nella risposta cellulare contro lo stress ossidativo e nel metabolismo degli xenobiotici. Scopo dello studio: L’obiettivo di questo studio è stato di valutare in modo preliminare l’interazione fra le due vie di segnalazione intracellulare, Wnt/β-catenina e NRF2/ARE, individuando una dose opportuna di una molecola agonista per la via canonica Wnt, denominata BML-284, in grado di indurre una risposta trascrizionale per la via di segnale Nrf2/ARE. Materiali e metodi: Per esaminare l’interazione tra le due vie di segnale, Wnt/β-catenina e Nrf2/ARE, sono state utilizzate due linee transgeniche reporter di zebrafish, Tg(7xtcf-Xla.siam.EGFP)ia4Tg e Tg(8xAORE:EGFP)ia201Tg. Larve delle due linee sono state sottoposte ad un trattamento a dosi crescenti di BML-284. Sono state acquisite immagini in fluorescenza, per una valutazione qualitativa, e dalle larve sono stati ricavati campioni di RNA e proteine per valutare gli effetti del trattamento, tramite Real Time PCR e Western Blot. Risultati: Un’analisi qualitativa della fluorescenza per il reporter Tg(7xtcf-Xla.siam.EGFP) ha mostrato un incremento della fluorescenza associata all’attività della via canonica di Wnt in seguito a trattamento con BML-284. Questo test ha dimostrato l’effetto agonista della molecola sulla via di segnale, ma a dosaggi maggiori di 750 nM sono stati riscontrati effetti tossici sulle larve sottoposte a trattamento. La successiva valutazione dell’effetto del BML-284 sulla linea Tg(8xAORE:EGFP), eseguita tramite Western blot, non ha evidenziato significativi aumenti dei livelli del reporter nelle larve di 2 giorni dopo 24 ore di trattamento. Dopo 48 ore di trattamento invece è stato osservato un aumento dei livelli del reporter nelle larve trattate. Analisi condotte tramite Real Time PCR su larve trattate con il BML-284 per 24 ore hanno evidenziato un aumento, seppur non significativo, dell’espressione di alcuni geni bersaglio caratteristici per le due vie di segnalazione. Conclusioni: Nonostante alcune problematiche legate alla tossicità del BML-284, è stato possibile appurare dalle analisi effettuate che è presente un’apparente interazione tra le due vie di segnale, nonostante siano necessari ulteriori approfondimenti per metterne in chiaro il meccanismo.
Individuazione della suscettibilità di vie di segnalazione intracellulari a trattamenti farmacologici mediante l’impiego di biosensori in vivo.
PIOVAN, BEATRICE
2021/2022
Abstract
Introduction: Signaling pathways represent a system to convey precise biological stimuli, received at the cell membrane, into a coordinated gene transcription program. These extracellular stimuli can be ligands or synthetic molecules with pharmacological activity. Among known pathways, we have been most interested in Wnt/β-catenin and Nrf2/ARE signaling. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates both cell replication and differentiation. Alterations of this pathway have been linked to the onset of tumors and degenerative processes. Instead, the Nrf2/ARE signaling is involved in the response to oxidative stress and xenobiotics metabolism. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate the crosstalk between two signaling pathways, Wnt/β-catenin and Nrf2/ARE, through the identification of the dose at which a canonical Wnt pathway agonist, known as BML-284, elicits Nrf2/ARE transcriptional activity. Material and methods: The crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and Nrf2/ARE pathways has been analyzed through the use of two transgenic zebrafish reporter lines, Tg(7xtcf-Xla.siam.EGFP)ia4Tg and Tg(8xAORE:EGFP)ia201Tg. Transgenic larvae were treated with increasing concentrations of BML-284. First, a preliminary evaluation was carried out looking for fluorescence changes in treated larvae, then larvae were used to obtain RNA and protein samples to assess the treatment efficacy by Real Time PCR and Western Blot analysis. Results: Analysis of Tg(7xtcf-Xla.siam.EGFP)ia4Tg reporter larvae showed increased fluorescence associated to canonical Wnt pathway activity after BML-284 treatment. This demonstrated empirically the agonist efficacy, but doses over 750 nM caused toxic effects on treated animals. Western blot analysis of Tg(8xAORE:EGFP)ia201Tg larvae after 24 hours of treatment reported no significant changes in GFP protein levels, whereas after 48 hours treated larvae exhibited higher amounts of GFP. Lastly, although not statistically significant, evaluation through Real Time PCR of samples derived from Tg(8xAORE:EGFP)ia201Tg larvae highlighted an increased expression of both Wnt/β-catenin and Nrf2/ARE pathways target genes after 24 hours of treatment. Conclusions: Despite the onset of adverse effects at higher doses of BML-284, preliminary analyses of treated larvae highlighted a putative interaction between the two considered signaling pathways. Anyway, further investigations are needed to have a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating this crosstalk.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/36273