This thesis is the result of a project followed during an internship at Euroimpianti SPA - Skilled Group. The objective was the conversion of an Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) from laser triangulation navigation to natural navigation. This type of AGV is used in warehouse management, so it has to be able to pick and place loads, and cooperate with other vehicles. Laser triangulation navigation does not require tags or floor guides for path following, but involves the application of reflectors in designed positions. These will reflect laser beams back to the vehicle and, based on these, the vehicle will localize itself. Natural navigation, or SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping), uses laser scanner measurements to identify, and then match, structures in the environment. This solution is quick and simple in both installation and modification, as it requires minimal changes to the infrastructure. In both cases the paths followed are virtual. This project included a third-party package to enable natural navigation in Skilled's AGV. The crucial points of the project are: the learning of the BlueBotics technology (from software to hardware requirements), the design of an hardware structure to allow proper communication between all components, the programming of the AGV's Siemens PLC for both safety and non-safety behaviour and Ignition code developing for mission and traffic management. This thesis presents the developed project. First, the current structure of the Skilled AGV is defined, followed by a description of the project and an illustration of some code sections.
Questa tesi è il risultato di un progetto seguito durante uno stage presso Euroimpianti SPA - Skilled Group. L'obiettivo era la conversione di un veicolo a guida autonoma (AGV) dalla navigazione a triangolazione laser alla navigazione naturale. Questo tipo di AGV viene utilizzato nella gestione del magazzino, quindi deve essere in grado di prelevare e posizionare i carichi e deve collaborare con altri veicoli. La navigazione a triangolazione laser non richiede l'uso di tags o guide a pavimento per seguire il percorso, ma prevede l'applicazione di riflettori in posizioni prestabilite. Questi riflettono i raggi laser al veicolo che, in base a questi, si localizza. La navigazione naturale, o SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping), utilizza le misurazioni dello scanner laser per identificare, e quindi abbinare, le strutture nell'ambiente. Questa soluzione è rapida e semplice sia nell'installazione che nella modifica, in quanto richiede cambiamenti minimi all'infrastruttura. In entrambi i casi i percorsi seguiti sono virtuali. Questo progetto comprende un pacchetto di terze parti per abilitare la navigazione naturale nell'AGV di Skilled. I punti cruciali del progetto sono: l'apprendimento della tecnologia BlueBotics (dai requisiti software a quelli hardware), la progettazione di una struttura hardware che consenta la corretta comunicazione tra tutti i componenti, la programmazione del PLC Siemens per gli aspetti di sicurezza e di movimenti delle forche. Questa tesi presenta la soluzione per questo progetto, all'inizio la definizione dell'attuale struttura dell'AGV, segue la descrizione del progetto e lo sviluppo del software di progetto, infine la presentazione di alcune sezioni di codice.
The new design for Automated Guided Vehicles: from laser triangulation to natural navigation
CECCHETTO, GLORIA
2021/2022
Abstract
This thesis is the result of a project followed during an internship at Euroimpianti SPA - Skilled Group. The objective was the conversion of an Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) from laser triangulation navigation to natural navigation. This type of AGV is used in warehouse management, so it has to be able to pick and place loads, and cooperate with other vehicles. Laser triangulation navigation does not require tags or floor guides for path following, but involves the application of reflectors in designed positions. These will reflect laser beams back to the vehicle and, based on these, the vehicle will localize itself. Natural navigation, or SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping), uses laser scanner measurements to identify, and then match, structures in the environment. This solution is quick and simple in both installation and modification, as it requires minimal changes to the infrastructure. In both cases the paths followed are virtual. This project included a third-party package to enable natural navigation in Skilled's AGV. The crucial points of the project are: the learning of the BlueBotics technology (from software to hardware requirements), the design of an hardware structure to allow proper communication between all components, the programming of the AGV's Siemens PLC for both safety and non-safety behaviour and Ignition code developing for mission and traffic management. This thesis presents the developed project. First, the current structure of the Skilled AGV is defined, followed by a description of the project and an illustration of some code sections.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/36514