El Salvador was the first country in the world to adopt Bitcoin as a legal currency. Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, which is a digital representation of value based on cryptography, its control is decentralized, by means of blockchain, which acts as a database of public financial transactions. The following paper aims to analyse the adoption of Bitcoin in El Salvador, to compare authoritative opinions of the world's leading financial organisations, and finally to consider the advantages and disadvantages of adopting Bitcoin as a legal currency for El Salvador. The thesis consists of three chapters: in the first one the definition of blockchain is introduced, together with its practical uses, that of Bitcoin, with explanation of the main characteristics, such as functioning and transparency, and the concept of currency is compared with that of cryptocurrency and the main differences are highlighted. The second part concerns the economic and financial framework of El Salvador, the analysis of the "Ley Bitcoin", its implications and how it is implemented, then the position of the International Monetary Fund and other specialized organisations are reported. The third part examines the advantages and disadvantages associated with the adoption of bitcoin as legal tender from El Salvador, then a reflection is made on the possible role of store of value for Bitcoin and finally the main projects of digitized state coins are exposed.
El Salvador è stato il primo Paese al mondo ad aver adottato Bitcoin come valuta legale. Bitcoin è una criptovaluta, ossia una rappresentazione digitale di valore basata sulla crittografia, il suo controllo è decentralizzato, grazie alla blockchain, che funge da database di transazioni finanziarie pubbliche. Il seguente elaborato si propone di analizzare l’adozione di Bitcoin in El Salvador, di confrontare pareri autorevoli dei principali organi finanziari mondiali, infine di considerare i vantaggi e gli svantaggi dell’adozione di Bitcoin come valuta legale per El Salvador. La tesi è composta da tre capitoli: nel primo viene introdotta la definizione di blockchain, insieme ad i relativi usi pratici, quella di Bitcoin, con spiegazione delle caratteristiche principali, come funzionamento e trasparenza, e viene confrontato il concetto di valuta rispetto a quello di criptovaluta ed evidenziate le principali differenze. La seconda parte riguarda l’inquadramento economico e finanziario di El Salvador, l’analisi della norma “Ley Bitcoin”, delle sue implicazioni e di come viene attuata, successivamente viene riportata la posizione del Fondo Monetario Internazionale e di altri organi specializzati. La terza parte esamina i vantaggi e gli svantaggi connessi all'adozione di bitcoin come valuta legale da El Salvador, viene poi fatta una riflessione sul possibile ruolo da riserva di valore per Bitcoin ed infine vengono esposti i principali progetti di monete di Stato digitalizzate.
Bitcoin come moneta a corso legale: il caso di El Salvador
MARCHESINI, MATTIA
2021/2022
Abstract
El Salvador was the first country in the world to adopt Bitcoin as a legal currency. Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, which is a digital representation of value based on cryptography, its control is decentralized, by means of blockchain, which acts as a database of public financial transactions. The following paper aims to analyse the adoption of Bitcoin in El Salvador, to compare authoritative opinions of the world's leading financial organisations, and finally to consider the advantages and disadvantages of adopting Bitcoin as a legal currency for El Salvador. The thesis consists of three chapters: in the first one the definition of blockchain is introduced, together with its practical uses, that of Bitcoin, with explanation of the main characteristics, such as functioning and transparency, and the concept of currency is compared with that of cryptocurrency and the main differences are highlighted. The second part concerns the economic and financial framework of El Salvador, the analysis of the "Ley Bitcoin", its implications and how it is implemented, then the position of the International Monetary Fund and other specialized organisations are reported. The third part examines the advantages and disadvantages associated with the adoption of bitcoin as legal tender from El Salvador, then a reflection is made on the possible role of store of value for Bitcoin and finally the main projects of digitized state coins are exposed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/36928