Butorphanol is an analgesic opioid widely used in equids, but its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have never been studied in the donkey. The objective of this clinical study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and the physiological and behavioural effects of butorphanol in 16 adult donkeys, divided into 2 groups: 8 awake animals undergoing clinical procedures (group S) and 8 anaesthetised donkeys undergoing elective orchiectomy (group A). All donkeys received an intravenous (IV) administration of 0.03 kg/kg of butorphanol. Plasma butorphanol concentration was measured at predetermined time points using a Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature) were recorded in all donkeys at the same time points of blood collection. Moreover, in awake donkeys the effects of butorphanol on behaviour and gastrointestinal motility were evaluated using specific sedation and gastrointestinal sounds score scales, respectively. Mean concentration at time 0 (C0) was higher in group A [475,117± 1214,598 mg/L] than in group S [6,950091 ± 9,458298 mg/L]. Clearance was higher in anaesthetised donkeys[40,11382 ± 37,26461 L/kg/h] than in awake animals [31,60849 ± 15,73342 L/kg/h]. Volume of distribution (V) was larger in group A [12,77829 ±18,45517 (mg/kg)/(mg/L)] than in group S [1,545956±1,757692 (mg/kg)/(mg/L)]. Mean elimination half-life was longer in group A [0,959978 ± 0,604336 h] than in group S [0,262378 ± 0,113735 h]. Physiological parameters were stable in both groups. Median gastrointestinal sounds score was 4/4 (2-4), suggesting the maintenance of normal gastrointestinal motility. In group S the median sedation score gradually increased after butorphanol administration and showed a peak [3/9] 15 minutes after administration, suggesting a possible sedative effect. In group A, the administration of drugs such as ketamine and detomidine could have altered pharmacokinetics of butorphanol, decreasing its binding to plasma proteins, its metabolism and its renal extraction. Moreover, the administration of fluid to anaesthetised donkeys could have increased the volume of distribution of butorphanol. In this study, in both groups of donkeys the IV administration of 0.03 mg/kg butorphanol did not appear to have any effect on the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and gastrointestinal motility.
Il butorfanolo è un oppioide analgesico ampiamente utilizzato negli equidi, ma la sua farmacocinetica e farmacodinamica non è mai stata studiata nell’asino. L’obiettivo di questo studio clinico è stato quello di descrivere la farmacocinetica e gli effetti fisiologici e comportamentali del butorfanolo in 16 asini adulti, suddivisi in 2 gruppi: 8 animali svegli sottoposti a procedure cliniche (gruppo S) e 8 asini anestetizzati per orchiectomia elettiva. Tutti gli asini hanno ricevuto una somministrazione endovenosa (IV) di 0,03 kg/kg di butorfanolo. La concentrazione plasmatica di butorfanolo è stata misurata a time-point predeterminati utilizzando una spettrometria di massa tandem con cromatografia liquida (LC-MS/MS). I parametri fisiologici (frequenza cardiaca, frequenza respiratoria e temperatura rettale) sono stati registrati in tutti gli asini agli stessi time-point di prelievo del sangue. Inoltre, negli asini svegli sono stati valutati anche l’effetto del butorfanolo sul comportamento e sulla motilità gastrointestinale utilizzando, rispettivamente, delle scale specifiche di punteggio della sedazione e dei suoni gastrointestinali. La concentrazione media al tempo 0 (C0) è risultata maggiore nel gruppo A [475.117 ± 1214.598 mg/L] rispetto al gruppo S [6,950091 ± 9,458298 mg/L]. E' stata registrata una clearance maggiore negli asini anestetizzati [40,11382 ± 37,26461 L/kg/h] rispetto agli animali svegli [31,60849 ± 15,73342 L/kg/h. Il volume di distribuzione (V) era maggiore nel gruppo A [12,77829 ±18,45517 (mg/kg)/(mg/L)] rispetto al gruppo S [1,545956±1,757692 (mg/kg)/( mg/l)]. L’emivita media di eliminazione è risultata più lunga nel gruppo A [0,959978 ± 0,604336 h] rispetto al gruppo S [0,262378 ± 0,113735 h]. I parametri fisiologici sono rimasti stabili in entrambi i gruppi. Il punteggio mediano dei suoni gastrointestinali è risultato di 4/4 (2-4). Nel gruppo S il punteggio di sedazione mediano è aumentato gradualmente dopo la somministrazione di butorfanolo e ha mostrato un picco [3/9] 15 minuti dopo la somministrazione, suggerendo un possibile effetto sedativo. Nel gruppo A, la somministrazione di farmaci come ketamina e detomidina potrebbe aver alterato la farmacocinetica del butorfanolo, diminuendone il legame con le proteine plasmatiche, il suo metabolismo e la sua estrazione renale. Inoltre, la somministrazione di liquidi ad asini anestetizzati potrebbe aver aumentato il volume di distribuzione del butorfanolo. In questo studio, in entrambi i gruppi di asini la somministrazione EV di 0,03 mg/kg di butorfanolo non sembra avere avuto alcun effetto sul sistema cardiovascolare e respiratorio e sulla motilit`a gastrointestinale.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of butorphanol following intravenous administration in awake and anaesthetised donkeys
GOBBETTO, GIULIA
2021/2022
Abstract
Butorphanol is an analgesic opioid widely used in equids, but its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have never been studied in the donkey. The objective of this clinical study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and the physiological and behavioural effects of butorphanol in 16 adult donkeys, divided into 2 groups: 8 awake animals undergoing clinical procedures (group S) and 8 anaesthetised donkeys undergoing elective orchiectomy (group A). All donkeys received an intravenous (IV) administration of 0.03 kg/kg of butorphanol. Plasma butorphanol concentration was measured at predetermined time points using a Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature) were recorded in all donkeys at the same time points of blood collection. Moreover, in awake donkeys the effects of butorphanol on behaviour and gastrointestinal motility were evaluated using specific sedation and gastrointestinal sounds score scales, respectively. Mean concentration at time 0 (C0) was higher in group A [475,117± 1214,598 mg/L] than in group S [6,950091 ± 9,458298 mg/L]. Clearance was higher in anaesthetised donkeys[40,11382 ± 37,26461 L/kg/h] than in awake animals [31,60849 ± 15,73342 L/kg/h]. Volume of distribution (V) was larger in group A [12,77829 ±18,45517 (mg/kg)/(mg/L)] than in group S [1,545956±1,757692 (mg/kg)/(mg/L)]. Mean elimination half-life was longer in group A [0,959978 ± 0,604336 h] than in group S [0,262378 ± 0,113735 h]. Physiological parameters were stable in both groups. Median gastrointestinal sounds score was 4/4 (2-4), suggesting the maintenance of normal gastrointestinal motility. In group S the median sedation score gradually increased after butorphanol administration and showed a peak [3/9] 15 minutes after administration, suggesting a possible sedative effect. In group A, the administration of drugs such as ketamine and detomidine could have altered pharmacokinetics of butorphanol, decreasing its binding to plasma proteins, its metabolism and its renal extraction. Moreover, the administration of fluid to anaesthetised donkeys could have increased the volume of distribution of butorphanol. In this study, in both groups of donkeys the IV administration of 0.03 mg/kg butorphanol did not appear to have any effect on the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and gastrointestinal motility.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Gobbetto_Giulia.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
21.36 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
21.36 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/37143