The poor biological culture that characterizes the average Italian citizen is the cause, according to some research, of the absence of curiosity towards the world of science. The biologist Arcà states that the anti-scientific culture of Italy is reflected in the school because the sciences are often treated superficially. If the sciences are conceived and taught at school through a traditional teaching that sees the pupils as containers to fill, very frequently, this makes children lose their passion and enthusiasm for the discovery of the world around them. Good scientific knowledge is essential for the training of all the citizens of tomorrow because it helps to understand and reflect on the present and future also with a view to sustainability, an objective that is increasingly important to pursue today. The teaching of a scientific discipline, such as biology, cannot, therefore, disregard, according to Santovito and other authors, the adoption of active methodologies and therefore a laboratory teaching. Based on this, a didactic intervention in a laboratory perspective was designed in which children discovered and began to conquer the scientific method. The lessons were designed and wrapped around the metacognitive approach through the use of problem solving and co-design with children to make them active and protagonists of their learning in order to generate interest and awaken their desire to learn. This research stems from the hypothesis of confirming the effectiveness of this approach by comparing it with the more traditional one. The trial therefore included two groups of children: an experimental one that faced a didactic path through this more innovative approach and a control group that instead carried it out in a more traditional perspective. A second purpose of this research has been to demonstrate that it is possible to deal with the morphology of some animals and other related issues with children of kindergarten, This topic usually belongs to the primary school although it is rarely addressed with the right importance. As for the design, the backward design of Winggins and McTighe was adopted and the design for skills then with an evaluation system present in different stages of the design according to the vision of Galliani and according to different points of view following the triangulation principle of Castoldi. The design included the introduction, in the class of the experimental group, of three animals both for reasons related to the learning of biology and for the positive aspects that the animals may involve in children. For this reason, both a theoretical study on the psychological, relational and social effects of animals on children and a small "field" experiment have been carried out within the research path by administering to children two questionnaires on the level of personal empathic tendency and the treatment given to animals by each of them. The purpose of these tests was to compare the results given by children pet owners and the results derived from children without pets. The results confirmed that in kindergarten, develop scientific paths by adopting a didactic laboratory and innovative methodologies is not only possible but also much more effective in the learning of boys and girls than didactics that do not use this methodology. The research carried out on the psychological, social and relational reflexes of animals in children through the two tests, did not produce significant results so the pet does not seem to affect the level of personal empathy and behavior towards the animal.
La scarsa cultura biologica che caratterizza il cittadino medio italiano è causa, secondo alcune ricerche, dell’assenza di curiosità verso il mondo delle scienze. La biologa Arcà afferma che la cultura anti-scientifica dell’Italia si rispecchia nella scuola perché le scienze sono spesso trattate in modo superficiale. Se le scienze sono concepite e insegnate a scuola attraverso una didattica tradizionalista che vede gli alunni come contenitori da riempire, molto frequentemente, questo fa perdere ai bambini la passione ed entusiasmo per la scoperta del mondo che li circonda. Una buona conoscenza scientifica è indispensabile per la formazione di tutti i cittadini del domani perché aiuta a comprendere e a riflettere sul presente e futuro anche in ottica di sostenibilità, obiettivo che sempre più, ad oggi, diventa importante perseguire. L’insegnamento di una disciplina scientifica, come la biologia, non può prescindere quindi, secondo Santovito e altri autori, dall’adottare metodologie attive e quindi una didattica laboratoriale. Sulla base di questo, è stato progettato un intervento didattico in ottica laboratoriale in cui i bambini hanno scoperto e iniziato a conquistare il metodo scientifico. Le lezioni sono state progettate e avvolte attorno all’approccio metacognitivo attraverso l’utilizzo del problem solving e della co-progettazione con i bambini per renderli attivi e protagonisti del loro apprendimento in modo da generare interesse e risvegliare il loro desiderio di imparare. La presente ricerca nasce dall’ipotesi di avvalorare l’efficacia di questo approccio confrontandolo anche con quello più tradizionalista. La sperimentazione ha previsto quindi due gruppi di bambini: uno sperimentale che ha affrontato un percorso didattico attraverso questo approccio più innovativo e un gruppo di controllo che invece lo ha svolto in ottica più tradizionale. Un secondo scopo di questa ricerca è stato quello di dimostrare che è possibile affrontare anche con bambini della scuola dell’infanzia la morfologia di alcuni animali e altre tematiche ad essa legate, argomento che solitamente appartiene alla scuola primaria anche se raramente viene affrontato con la giusta importanza. Per quanto concerne la progettazione è stata adottata la progettazione a ritroso di Winggins e McTighe e la progettazione per competenze quindi con un impianto valutativo presente in diversi fasi della progettazione secondo la visione di Galliani e secondo punti di vista differenti seguendo il principio di triangolazione di Castoldi. La progettazione ha previsto l’introduzione, nella classe del gruppo sperimentale, di tre animali sia per ragioni legati all’apprendimento della biologia che per i risvolti positivi che gli animali possono comportare nei bambini. Per questa ragione all’interno del percorso di ricerca è stato fatto sia un approfondimento teorico sui riflessi psicologici, relazionali e sociali degli animali sui bambini che una piccola sperimentazione “sul campo” attraverso la somministrazione ai bambini di due questionari sul livello di tendenza empatica personale e sul trattamento riservato agli animali da ognuno di loro. Lo scopo di questi test è stato quello di confrontare i risultati dati dai bambini proprietari di animali domestici e i risultati derivanti dai bambini senza animali domestici. I risultati hanno confermato che, alla scuola dell’infanzia, sviluppare percorsi scientifici adottando una didattica laboratoriale e con metodologie innovative non solo è possibile ma anche molto più efficace nell’apprendimento dei bambini e delle bambine rispetto a didattiche che non utilizzano tale metodologia. La ricerca invece svolta sui riflessi psicologici, sociali e relazionali degli animali nei bambini attraverso i due test, non ha prodotto risultati significativi quindi l’animale domestico non sembra influenzare il livello di empatia personale e il comportamento nei confronti dell’animale.
Animali in classe: la morfologia come punto di partenza. Una ricerca didattica alla scuola dell’Infanzia con un approfondimento sui riflessi psicologici, relazionali e sociali degli animali sui bambini.
DAL SANTO, MARTA
2021/2022
Abstract
The poor biological culture that characterizes the average Italian citizen is the cause, according to some research, of the absence of curiosity towards the world of science. The biologist Arcà states that the anti-scientific culture of Italy is reflected in the school because the sciences are often treated superficially. If the sciences are conceived and taught at school through a traditional teaching that sees the pupils as containers to fill, very frequently, this makes children lose their passion and enthusiasm for the discovery of the world around them. Good scientific knowledge is essential for the training of all the citizens of tomorrow because it helps to understand and reflect on the present and future also with a view to sustainability, an objective that is increasingly important to pursue today. The teaching of a scientific discipline, such as biology, cannot, therefore, disregard, according to Santovito and other authors, the adoption of active methodologies and therefore a laboratory teaching. Based on this, a didactic intervention in a laboratory perspective was designed in which children discovered and began to conquer the scientific method. The lessons were designed and wrapped around the metacognitive approach through the use of problem solving and co-design with children to make them active and protagonists of their learning in order to generate interest and awaken their desire to learn. This research stems from the hypothesis of confirming the effectiveness of this approach by comparing it with the more traditional one. The trial therefore included two groups of children: an experimental one that faced a didactic path through this more innovative approach and a control group that instead carried it out in a more traditional perspective. A second purpose of this research has been to demonstrate that it is possible to deal with the morphology of some animals and other related issues with children of kindergarten, This topic usually belongs to the primary school although it is rarely addressed with the right importance. As for the design, the backward design of Winggins and McTighe was adopted and the design for skills then with an evaluation system present in different stages of the design according to the vision of Galliani and according to different points of view following the triangulation principle of Castoldi. The design included the introduction, in the class of the experimental group, of three animals both for reasons related to the learning of biology and for the positive aspects that the animals may involve in children. For this reason, both a theoretical study on the psychological, relational and social effects of animals on children and a small "field" experiment have been carried out within the research path by administering to children two questionnaires on the level of personal empathic tendency and the treatment given to animals by each of them. The purpose of these tests was to compare the results given by children pet owners and the results derived from children without pets. The results confirmed that in kindergarten, develop scientific paths by adopting a didactic laboratory and innovative methodologies is not only possible but also much more effective in the learning of boys and girls than didactics that do not use this methodology. The research carried out on the psychological, social and relational reflexes of animals in children through the two tests, did not produce significant results so the pet does not seem to affect the level of personal empathy and behavior towards the animal.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Dal Santo_Marta.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
18.58 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
18.58 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/37296