The issue: Leukaemia, in particular Lymphoblastic Acute Leukaemia, is one of the most frequent tumours in children before the age of 15. The survival rate in the paediatric population is around 90%. Lymphoblastic Acute Leukaemia is the most common cancer in children as it represents one fourth of all paediatric cancers. The diagnosis of Lymphoblastic Acute Leukaemia causes high anxiety levels, stress, depression, deep disappointment and denial in the children’s parents. It is mandatory to include support programmes for caregivers in relation to the oncological treatment plan, immediately after the diagnosis. Parents must learn the details of the treatment proposed against the cancer and how to treat the potentially dangerous side effects of the medications used. Training the parents of sick children is a primary nursing responsibility in paediatric oncology. Information sharing has also been identified as a fundamental pillar of nursing care. The family training needs focus initially on the child disease and on the therapeutic options and then on the assistance at home and on the psycho-social needs and family concerns as the treatment continues. Objectives: to identify, describe and compare the specific training needs of the parents of patients with Lymphoblastic Acute Leukaemia in order to educate them to safely and appropriately care for their children. Materials and Methods: this is a review of current available literature completed between May and September 2022. A computer-based literature search was performed using MEDLINE e Scopus. Key words included Lymphoblastic Acute Leukaemia, Paediatric Patient, Caregiver, Training needs. We found 8 articles relating to the training needs of parents of children with cancer. Results: The training needs identified are relevant to the following areas: the child new diagnosis, the therapeutic options, the diagnostic investigations, the way family cope with the diagnosis, the chemotherapy, the administration of medications at home, the identification of possible complications, the nutrition, the management of fever, the psycho-social implications, the management of central venous access, how to access the health team in an emergency, pain management and end-of-life assistance. Conclusions: Training the family of children with cancer is a primary nursing responsibility in paediatric oncology. The management of children at home by their parents is possible only after a specific training delivered by nurses specialising in this particular field.
La leucemia, in particolare la Leucemia Linfoblastica Acuta, è il tumore più diffuso nei bambini di età inferiore ai 15 anni, i cui pazienti hanno tassi di sopravvivenza nell’ordine del 90%. La Leucemia Linfoblastica Acuta rappresenta la neoplasia più comune dell’infanzia rappresentando un quarto di tutti i tumori infantili. La diagnosi di Leucemia Linfoblastica Acuta provoca nei genitori elevati livelli di ansia, stress, depressione, delusione e rifiuto nei confronti della malattia stessa. È necessario includere programmi di supporto per i caregiver familiari relativamente al programma di cura del bambino, immediatamente dopo la diagnosi di leucemia. I genitori, infatti, devono apprendere i dettagli specifici dei trattamenti che si andranno ad attuare contro il cancro e come trattare gli effetti collaterali potenzialmente pericolosi. Educare i genitori dei bambini malati di cancro è una responsabilità infermieristica primaria in oncologia pediatrica. Fornire informazioni è stata identificata come una parte fondamentale dell’assistenza infermieristica; tali esigenze si concentrano inizialmente sulla malattia del bambino e sulle modalità di trattamento per poi focalizzarsi sulla gestione dell’assistenza domiciliare e sulle preoccupazioni psicosociali a mano a mano che il trattamento continua. Obiettivo: Identificare, descrivere e confrontare, gli specifici bisogni educativi su cui deve puntare l’educazione terapeutica impartita ai genitori di pazienti oncologici pediatrici affetti da Leucemia Linfoblastica Acuta al fine di prepararli a prendersi cura in modo sicuro e appropriato del loro bambino. Materiali e Metodi: L’elaborazione di questa revisione della letteratura ha richiesto la consultazione dei seguenti database elettronici: MEDLINE e Scopus dal mese di maggio al mese di settembre 2022. Sono stati presi in considerazione studi riguardanti i bisogni educativi dei genitori di pazienti pediatrici oncologici. Risultati: I bisogni educativi emersi sono rappresentati da informazioni riguardo: la nuova diagnosi del bambino, le modalità di trattamento, le indagini diagnostiche a cui deve essere sottoposto il paziente, il coping della famiglia, la chemioterapia, la somministrazione della terapia farmacologica a domicilio, l’identificazione di possibili complicanze, l’alimentazione, la gestione della febbre, le questioni sociali, la gestione degli accessi vascolari centrali, le modalità di accesso al team sanitario in caso di emergenza, la gestione del dolore e l’assistenza nel fine vita. Conclusioni: L’educazione del paziente è una priorità dell’assistenza infermieristica in oncologia pediatrica. La gestione domiciliare autonoma del bambino da parte dei genitori di pazienti pediatrici oncologici è possibile successivamente ad una formazione specifica eseguita da personale infermieristico continuamente aggiornato.
Il bambino affetto da Leucemia Linfoblastica Acuta: i bisogni educativi dei genitori
ANTIGA, CECILIA
2021/2022
Abstract
The issue: Leukaemia, in particular Lymphoblastic Acute Leukaemia, is one of the most frequent tumours in children before the age of 15. The survival rate in the paediatric population is around 90%. Lymphoblastic Acute Leukaemia is the most common cancer in children as it represents one fourth of all paediatric cancers. The diagnosis of Lymphoblastic Acute Leukaemia causes high anxiety levels, stress, depression, deep disappointment and denial in the children’s parents. It is mandatory to include support programmes for caregivers in relation to the oncological treatment plan, immediately after the diagnosis. Parents must learn the details of the treatment proposed against the cancer and how to treat the potentially dangerous side effects of the medications used. Training the parents of sick children is a primary nursing responsibility in paediatric oncology. Information sharing has also been identified as a fundamental pillar of nursing care. The family training needs focus initially on the child disease and on the therapeutic options and then on the assistance at home and on the psycho-social needs and family concerns as the treatment continues. Objectives: to identify, describe and compare the specific training needs of the parents of patients with Lymphoblastic Acute Leukaemia in order to educate them to safely and appropriately care for their children. Materials and Methods: this is a review of current available literature completed between May and September 2022. A computer-based literature search was performed using MEDLINE e Scopus. Key words included Lymphoblastic Acute Leukaemia, Paediatric Patient, Caregiver, Training needs. We found 8 articles relating to the training needs of parents of children with cancer. Results: The training needs identified are relevant to the following areas: the child new diagnosis, the therapeutic options, the diagnostic investigations, the way family cope with the diagnosis, the chemotherapy, the administration of medications at home, the identification of possible complications, the nutrition, the management of fever, the psycho-social implications, the management of central venous access, how to access the health team in an emergency, pain management and end-of-life assistance. Conclusions: Training the family of children with cancer is a primary nursing responsibility in paediatric oncology. The management of children at home by their parents is possible only after a specific training delivered by nurses specialising in this particular field.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/37941