BACKGROUND The theme of the thesis focuses on the importance of home and food oral hygiene habits that are adopted by patients with intellectual disabilities. This type of patient has various pathologies that cause problems for which they are treated with scrupulous therapies, on the contrary daily oral hygiene would be more difficult and superfluous despite now representing a daily action. AIM Check the prevention methods of home oral hygiene and the level of oral hygiene and caries experience in patients with intellectual disabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following a literature review through the PubMed and Cochrane databases that made it possible to create the theoretical reference framework, two evaluation tools were created: a self-administered questionnaire (self-administered multiple closed type) to identify the oral hygiene and eating habits and a form to collect data relating to the "Simplified Oral Hygiene Index" (OHI-S) and the index of caries experience "Decayed Missing Filled Teeth" (DMFT) in order to to assess the level of overall oral hygiene. RESULTS According to the questionnaire, most of the subjects adopt the habits of home oral hygiene and food recommended by the guidelines. The average OHI-S index is 3 and is of fair grade in 55% of subjects and poor grade in 45%. The average DMFT index is 6.25 and the value of the filled teeth (FT) represents 65% of the DMFT. The OHI-S index is higher in patients with a degree of severe disability and with community residence. CONCLUSIONS With the limitations of this study, we can conclude that the level of oral hygiene in patients with intellectual disabilities is influenced by the degree of intellectual disability which affects both the degree of collaboration of the patient and the increase in oral problems. The level of oral hygiene would also seem to be influenced by the type of care that is observed for the patient with this type of disability; this data offers the possibility of carrying out a future study on this issue.
BACKGROUND Il tema della tesi verte sull’importanza delle abitudini di igiene orale domiciliare e alimentari che vengono adottate dai pazienti con disabilità intellettive. Questa tipologia di pazienti presenta diverse patologie che causano delle problematiche per cui vengono trattate con scrupolose terapie, al contrario l’igiene orale quotidiana risulterebbe essere più difficoltosa e superflua nonostante ormai rappresenti un’azione quotidiana. SCOPO DELLO STUDIO Verificare i metodi di prevenzione di igiene orale domiciliare e il livello di igiene orale e di esperienza di carie nei pazienti con disabilità intellettiva. MATERIALI E METODI In seguito ad una revisione della letteratura tramite le banche dati PubMed e Cochrane che hanno permesso di creare il quadro teorico di riferimento, sono stati creati due strumenti di valutazione: un questionario self-administered (autosomministrato di tipo chiuso multiplo) per identificare le manovre di igiene orale e abitudini alimentari e un modulo per raccogliere i dati relativi all’indice di igiene orale “Simplified Oral Hygiene Index” (OHI-S) e all’indice dell’esperienza di carie “Decayed Missing Filled Teeth” (DMFT) al fine di valutare il livello di igiene orale complessivo. RISULTATI Secondo il questionario la maggior parte dei soggetti adottano delle abitudini di igiene orale domiciliare e alimentari consigliate delle linee guida. L’indice OHI-S medio è di 3 e risulta essere di grado sufficiente nel 55% dei soggetti e di grado scarso nel 45%. L’indice DMFT medio è di 6,25 e il valore dei denti otturati (FT) rappresenta il 65% del DMFT. L’indice OHI-S è risultano maggiore nei pazienti con grado di disabilità grave e con residenza in comunità. CONCLUSIONI Con i limiti di questo studio possiamo concludere che il livello di igiene orale nei pazienti con disabilità intellettiva è influenzato dal grado di disabilità intellettiva il quale influenza sia il grado di collaborazione del paziente, sia l’aumentare delle problematiche a livello orale. Il livello d’igiene orale sembrerebbe anche essere influenzato dal tipo di assistenza che viene osservata nei confronti del paziente con questa tipologia di disabilità; questo dato offre la possibilità di effettuare un futuro approfondimento su questa tematica.
L’igiene orale nel paziente con disabilità intellettiva
PENZO, VERONICA
2021/2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND The theme of the thesis focuses on the importance of home and food oral hygiene habits that are adopted by patients with intellectual disabilities. This type of patient has various pathologies that cause problems for which they are treated with scrupulous therapies, on the contrary daily oral hygiene would be more difficult and superfluous despite now representing a daily action. AIM Check the prevention methods of home oral hygiene and the level of oral hygiene and caries experience in patients with intellectual disabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following a literature review through the PubMed and Cochrane databases that made it possible to create the theoretical reference framework, two evaluation tools were created: a self-administered questionnaire (self-administered multiple closed type) to identify the oral hygiene and eating habits and a form to collect data relating to the "Simplified Oral Hygiene Index" (OHI-S) and the index of caries experience "Decayed Missing Filled Teeth" (DMFT) in order to to assess the level of overall oral hygiene. RESULTS According to the questionnaire, most of the subjects adopt the habits of home oral hygiene and food recommended by the guidelines. The average OHI-S index is 3 and is of fair grade in 55% of subjects and poor grade in 45%. The average DMFT index is 6.25 and the value of the filled teeth (FT) represents 65% of the DMFT. The OHI-S index is higher in patients with a degree of severe disability and with community residence. CONCLUSIONS With the limitations of this study, we can conclude that the level of oral hygiene in patients with intellectual disabilities is influenced by the degree of intellectual disability which affects both the degree of collaboration of the patient and the increase in oral problems. The level of oral hygiene would also seem to be influenced by the type of care that is observed for the patient with this type of disability; this data offers the possibility of carrying out a future study on this issue.The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/38096