BACKGROUND: shoulder impingement syndrome is a very common condition, its frequency increases with age. Subacromial impingement and, above all, the internal one represent the most common diagnosis in overhead athletes, that are all those sportsmen who practice fast and repeated movements with the upper limb over the head. AIM: the purpose of this review is to verify the effectiveness of the conservative treatment of impingement syndrome in this particular type of patients, with the aim of determining the best approach for it and to highlight on what a physiotherapist should pay attention to, during the entire therapeutic plan. METHODS: the research of scientific articles was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro and Cochrane Library. Bolean operators "AND" and "OR" were used with the following keywords: "overhead athletes"; "shoulder impingement"; "conservative treatment"; "nonoperative treatment"; "physiotherapeutic"; "physiotherapy"; "manual therapy". RESULTS: articles found by entering these keywords are 1842: 1209 in PubMed, 325 in PEDro and 308 in Cochrane Library. Depending on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles were selected. Exercises with progressive resistance combined with manual therapy have obtained better results than any other treatment plan. There has been an improvement in VAS, SPADI score, muscle latency time and isometric strength of stabilizer muscles of the glenohumeral joint; conscious control of the scapula with video-feedback has allowed a decrease in the activation of the upper trapezius and the anterior deltoid and an increase in the activation of the middle trapezius, the lower trapezius and the serratus anterior. There was no difference, in terms of improvement, in the execution of a treatment plan with absence of pain or with minimal pain (VAS < 4). Adding a large dose of muscle strengthening to the standard treatment plan han not brought any significant improvements. CONCLUSIONS: the results confirm that a treatment based on progressive resistances exercise, combined with manual therapy and conscious control of the scapula, should be considered an effective and safe therapy for impingement syndrome for overhead athletes. In any case, studies that evaluate the effectiveness of conservative treatment in overhead athletes are few, further studies are needed to confirm the results obtained in this thesis.
INTRODUZIONE: la sindrome da impingement di spalla è una patologia molto comune, la cui frequenza aumenta con l’aumentare dell’età. L’impingement subacromiale e soprattutto quello interno rappresentano il quadro patologico più comune negli atleti overhead, ovvero tutti quegli sportivi che praticano movimenti rapidi e ripetuti con l’arto superiore sopra la testa. OBIETTIVO: verificare l’efficacia del trattamento conservativo della sindrome da impingement in questa particolare tipologia di pazienti, con lo scopo di determinare quale possa essere l’approccio migliore e di evidenziare ciò a cui un fisioterapista dovrebbe prestare attenzione durante l’intero piano terapeutico. METODI: la ricerca degli articoli scientifici è stata eseguita nelle seguenti banche dati: PubMed, PEDro e Cochrane Library. Sono stati utilizzati per la ricerca gli operatori boleani “AND” e “OR” con le seguenti parole chiave: “overhead athletes”; “shoulder impingement”; “conservative treatment”; “nonoperative treatment”; “physiotherapeutic”; “physiotherapy”; “manual therapy”. RISULTATI: gli articoli trovati inserendo queste parole chiave sono 1842: 1209 su PubMed, 325 su PEDro e 308 su Cochrane Library. Rispettando i criteri di inclusione ed esclusione, sono stati selezionati 7 articoli. Esercizi con carichi progressivi combinati alla terapia manuale hanno ottenuto risultati migliori rispetto a qualsiasi altro piano di trattamento. Si è registrato un miglioramento della scala VAS, del punteggio SPADI, del tempo di latenza muscolare e della forza isometrica dei muscoli stabilizzatori dell’articolazione gleno-omerale; il controllo consapevole della scapola con video-feedback ha permesso una diminuzione dell’attivazione del trapezio superiore e del deltoide anteriore e un aumento dell’attivazione di trapezio medio, trapezio inferiore e gran dentato. Non sono state riscontrate differenze, in termini di miglioramento, in merito all’esecuzione di un piano di trattamento in assenza di dolore o con dolore minimo (VAS < 4). Aggiungere una grande dose di rinforzo muscolare al piano di trattamento “standard” non ha apportato benefici significativi. CONCLUSIONI: i risultati degli articoli selezionati confermano che un programma basato sull’esercizio terapeutico con resistenze progressive, combinato alla terapia manuale e al controllo consapevole della scapola, dovrebbe essere considerato una terapia efficace e sicura per la sindrome da impingement negli atleti overhead. Gli studi che valutano l’efficacia del trattamento facendo riferimento ad una popolazione composta solo da atleti overhead sono scarsi, sono necessari ulteriori approfondimenti sull’argomento che possano confermare gli esiti ottenuti in questa tesi.
Efficacia del trattamento conservativo della sindrome da impingement negli atleti overhead: una revisione narrativa della letteratura
DAL CERO, LEONARDO MARIA
2021/2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND: shoulder impingement syndrome is a very common condition, its frequency increases with age. Subacromial impingement and, above all, the internal one represent the most common diagnosis in overhead athletes, that are all those sportsmen who practice fast and repeated movements with the upper limb over the head. AIM: the purpose of this review is to verify the effectiveness of the conservative treatment of impingement syndrome in this particular type of patients, with the aim of determining the best approach for it and to highlight on what a physiotherapist should pay attention to, during the entire therapeutic plan. METHODS: the research of scientific articles was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro and Cochrane Library. Bolean operators "AND" and "OR" were used with the following keywords: "overhead athletes"; "shoulder impingement"; "conservative treatment"; "nonoperative treatment"; "physiotherapeutic"; "physiotherapy"; "manual therapy". RESULTS: articles found by entering these keywords are 1842: 1209 in PubMed, 325 in PEDro and 308 in Cochrane Library. Depending on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles were selected. Exercises with progressive resistance combined with manual therapy have obtained better results than any other treatment plan. There has been an improvement in VAS, SPADI score, muscle latency time and isometric strength of stabilizer muscles of the glenohumeral joint; conscious control of the scapula with video-feedback has allowed a decrease in the activation of the upper trapezius and the anterior deltoid and an increase in the activation of the middle trapezius, the lower trapezius and the serratus anterior. There was no difference, in terms of improvement, in the execution of a treatment plan with absence of pain or with minimal pain (VAS < 4). Adding a large dose of muscle strengthening to the standard treatment plan han not brought any significant improvements. CONCLUSIONS: the results confirm that a treatment based on progressive resistances exercise, combined with manual therapy and conscious control of the scapula, should be considered an effective and safe therapy for impingement syndrome for overhead athletes. In any case, studies that evaluate the effectiveness of conservative treatment in overhead athletes are few, further studies are needed to confirm the results obtained in this thesis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/38658