It is now known that the population in most of the European countries, and in particular in Italy, is undergoing a demographic transformation which consists of progressive ageing. It is a very complex phenomenon that involves all sectors, especially health, which is increasingly specializing in diseases related to aging: among the most important we can find presbycusis and cognitive decline. The goal of this study is to evaluate, in a sample of hearing-impaired subjects Over 65 at their first experience with hearing aids, how the results of the Mini Mental State Examination appear, related to their cognitive abilities, , and how they vary after a period of rehabilitation with properly selected and calibrated hearing aids. The sample under study was selected based on certain parameters: age (≥65 years), bilateral post-verbal hearing loss with PTA that can be classified as average, severe or profound; no previous experience with hearing aids and no cognitive impairment already diagnosed. After a thorough audiometric evaluation, the choice of hearing aids was made and all patients were followed up in the traditional way with periodic checks for the optimization of the fitting; after 3 months, the Mini Mental State Examination was repeated and the results varied before and after the use of the hearing aids were evaluated. This study showed that the scores of the Mini Mental State Examination are linked to the severity of hearing loss, in fact worse scores are associated with more severe hearing loss, both in terms of tonal and vocal audiometry, thus confirming the major research in the field clinical: deafness represents a risk factor for the development of cognitive disorders, even if the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two pathologies are still to be investigated. Hearing aids, while representing an excellent tool for hearing rehabilitation, cannot, however, be considered protective against the development of cognitive deficits. Further studies are therefore needed, with a larger sample and long-term follow-up to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the association of these pathologies, in the awareness that scientific evidence requires global attention to hearing problems as possible modifiable risk factors for the development of cognitive disorders and dementia.
E’ ormai noto che la popolazione nella maggior parte dei paesi europei, e in particolare in Italia, stia subendo una trasformazione demografica che consiste in un progressivo invecchiamento. Si tratta di un fenomeno molto complesso che coinvolge tutti i settori, specialmente quello sanitario, che si sta specializzando sempre di più su patologie correlate all’invecchiamento: tra le più rilevanti si evidenziano presbiacusia e declino cognitivo. L’obiettivo di questo studio è quello di valutare, in un campione di soggetti ipoacusici Over 65 alla loro prima protesizzazione (New Users), la relazione tra perdita uditiva e risultati del Mini Mental State Examination, inerenti alle capacità cognitive, prima e dopo un periodo di riabilitazione di 3 mesi con apparecchi acustici. Il campione oggetto di studio è stato selezionato in base ad alcuni parametri: età ( ≥ 65 anni), perdita uditiva bilaterale post verbale con PTA classificabile in media, grave o profonda entità; nessuna precedente esperienza con apparecchi acustici e senza nessun deficit cognitivo già diagnosticato. Dopo un’accurata valutazione audiometrica si è proceduto con la scelta degli apparecchi acustici e tutti i pazienti sono stati seguiti in modo tradizionale con controlli periodici per l’ottimizzazione del fitting; dopo 3 mesi si è riproposto il Mini Mental State Examination e si è valutato come i risultati siano variati prima e dopo l’utilizzo degli apparecchi acustici. Da questo studio è emerso come i punteggi del Mini Mental State Examination siano legati alla gravità della perdita uditiva, infatti a punteggi peggiori si associano quadri audiologici più gravi, sia in termini di audiometria tonale che vocale, andando quindi a confermare le maggiori ricerche in ambito clinico: ovvero che la sordità rappresenta un fattore di rischio per lo sviluppo di disturbi cognitivi, anche se i meccanismi che sottendono alla relazione tra le due patologie sono ancora da investigare. Gli apparecchi acustici, pur rappresentando un ottimo strumento per la riabilitazione uditiva, non possono, invece, ad oggi, essere considerati protettivi verso lo sviluppo di deficit cognitivi. Sono quindi necessari ulteriori studi, con un campione più numeroso e con maggiore variabilità, e un follow-up a lungo termine per valutare i meccanismi alla base dell’associazione di queste patologie, nella consapevolezza che le evidenze scientifiche impongono un’ attenzione globale verso i problemi di udito quali possibili fattori di rischio modificabili per lo sviluppo di disturbi cognitivi e demenza.
Ipoacusia e declino cognitivo: indagine pre e post protesizzazione acustica in un campione di pazienti over 65
PASOLINI, ARIANNA
2021/2022
Abstract
It is now known that the population in most of the European countries, and in particular in Italy, is undergoing a demographic transformation which consists of progressive ageing. It is a very complex phenomenon that involves all sectors, especially health, which is increasingly specializing in diseases related to aging: among the most important we can find presbycusis and cognitive decline. The goal of this study is to evaluate, in a sample of hearing-impaired subjects Over 65 at their first experience with hearing aids, how the results of the Mini Mental State Examination appear, related to their cognitive abilities, , and how they vary after a period of rehabilitation with properly selected and calibrated hearing aids. The sample under study was selected based on certain parameters: age (≥65 years), bilateral post-verbal hearing loss with PTA that can be classified as average, severe or profound; no previous experience with hearing aids and no cognitive impairment already diagnosed. After a thorough audiometric evaluation, the choice of hearing aids was made and all patients were followed up in the traditional way with periodic checks for the optimization of the fitting; after 3 months, the Mini Mental State Examination was repeated and the results varied before and after the use of the hearing aids were evaluated. This study showed that the scores of the Mini Mental State Examination are linked to the severity of hearing loss, in fact worse scores are associated with more severe hearing loss, both in terms of tonal and vocal audiometry, thus confirming the major research in the field clinical: deafness represents a risk factor for the development of cognitive disorders, even if the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two pathologies are still to be investigated. Hearing aids, while representing an excellent tool for hearing rehabilitation, cannot, however, be considered protective against the development of cognitive deficits. Further studies are therefore needed, with a larger sample and long-term follow-up to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the association of these pathologies, in the awareness that scientific evidence requires global attention to hearing problems as possible modifiable risk factors for the development of cognitive disorders and dementia.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/38829