The cell represents the basic unit of organisms, as well as the level lower than biological organization; it is the smallest functional unit able to live and reproduce in a totally independent way. It is important to understand how this interacts with the environment that surrounds it, mainly thanks to the compartment that divides it between the internal cytoplasm and the extracellular matrix: the plasma membrane. In this paper we will see the membrane from the electrical point of view and how, with specific techniques, ionic currents and transmembrane potentials can be measured in order to better understand some cellular characteristics. For this purpose, reference is made to the patch clamp technique, already used from the second half of the 70s of the last century but with still some deficits practical especially with regard to amplification and compensation of signals: innovations are described for both electronic components recording both new tools to make patch clamp fit more exhaustive as possible.
La cellula rappresenta l’unità base degli organismi, nonché il livello più basso di organizzazione biologica; è la più piccola unità funzionale in grado di poter vivere e riprodursi in modo totalmente indipendente. È importante capire come questa interagisca con l'ambiente che la circonda, soprattutto grazie al compartimento che la divide tra il citoplasma interno e la matrice extracellulare: la membrana plasmatica. In questo elaborato vedremo la membrana dal punto di vista elettrico e come, con tecniche specifiche, si possano misurare correnti ioniche e potenziali transmembrana con il fine di capire meglio alcune caratteristiche cellulari. A questo scopo si fa riferimento alla tecnica di patch clamp, già utilizzata dalla seconda metà degli anni 70 del secolo scorso ma con ancora alcuni deficit pratici soprattutto per quanto riguarda amplificazione e compensazione dei segnali: vengono descritte innovazioni sia per le componenti elettroniche di registrazione sia nuovi strumenti per rendere la misura patch clamp più esaustiva possibile.
Membrana cellulare: modello elettrico e innovazioni nelle tecniche di patch clamp
LOVATO, FEDERICO
2021/2022
Abstract
The cell represents the basic unit of organisms, as well as the level lower than biological organization; it is the smallest functional unit able to live and reproduce in a totally independent way. It is important to understand how this interacts with the environment that surrounds it, mainly thanks to the compartment that divides it between the internal cytoplasm and the extracellular matrix: the plasma membrane. In this paper we will see the membrane from the electrical point of view and how, with specific techniques, ionic currents and transmembrane potentials can be measured in order to better understand some cellular characteristics. For this purpose, reference is made to the patch clamp technique, already used from the second half of the 70s of the last century but with still some deficits practical especially with regard to amplification and compensation of signals: innovations are described for both electronic components recording both new tools to make patch clamp fit more exhaustive as possible.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/39013