This study analyses the events that took place in Guatemala between the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, examining in particular the position and impact of the United States in Latin America in those years. The role of the 'United Fruit Company', an important American multinational closely linked to the US government, which managed and dominated the economy of Central America through the trade of typical products such as bananas and coffee, is point out. The protection of the economic interests of this multinational is one of the triggers of the coup d'état carried out by the United States in Guatamela and consequently the fall of the government of the small republic and its last democratic president. The paper, characterized by an historical approach, focus on particularly on the strategy used by the United States, in strong coperation with the CIA, regarding the purpose of the operation. Moreover, it emerges how the invasion strategy is not limited to operating through an armed conflict but particularly focuses on the concept of psychological warfare. The aim of the operation will be to sabotage the support of the homeland and the strong loyalty of the army that Guatemalan President Árbenz had.
Il presente studio analizza le vicende accadute in Guatemala tra la fine del XIX e la prima metà del XX secolo, esaminando in particolare la posizione e l’influenza degli Stati Uniti nell’ America Latina in quegli anni. Si sottolinea il ruolo della “United Fruit Company”, un’ importante multinazionale americana strettamente legata al governo degli Stati Uniti, che gestiva e dominava l’economia dell’America centrale attraverso il commercio di prodotti tipici come banane e caffè. La tutela degli interessi economici di tale multinazionale è una delle cause scatenanti del colpo di stato effettuato dagli Stati Uniti in Guatamela e di conseguenza della caduta del governo della piccola Repubblica e del suo ultimo presidente democratico. L’elaborato, seguendo un taglio storico, si sofferma particolarmente sulla strategia utilizzata dagli Stati Uniti, in forte collaborazione con la CIA, in merito allo scopo dell’operazione. Difatti emerge come la strategia di invasione non si limita ad operare attraverso un conflitto armato ma verge particolarmente sul concetto di guerra psicologica. L’obiettivo dell’operazione sarà quello di sabotare il supporto della patria e la forte lealtà dell’esercito di cui il presidente guatemalteco Árbenz disponeva.
Gli Stati Uniti e il colpo di stato in Guatemala del 1954
SOTTANA, ILENIA
2021/2022
Abstract
This study analyses the events that took place in Guatemala between the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, examining in particular the position and impact of the United States in Latin America in those years. The role of the 'United Fruit Company', an important American multinational closely linked to the US government, which managed and dominated the economy of Central America through the trade of typical products such as bananas and coffee, is point out. The protection of the economic interests of this multinational is one of the triggers of the coup d'état carried out by the United States in Guatamela and consequently the fall of the government of the small republic and its last democratic president. The paper, characterized by an historical approach, focus on particularly on the strategy used by the United States, in strong coperation with the CIA, regarding the purpose of the operation. Moreover, it emerges how the invasion strategy is not limited to operating through an armed conflict but particularly focuses on the concept of psychological warfare. The aim of the operation will be to sabotage the support of the homeland and the strong loyalty of the army that Guatemalan President Árbenz had.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/39364