Cytauxzoon spp. and Hepatozoon spp. include different parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Cytauxzoon spp., responsible for feline cytauxzoonosis, is probably the least known genus within the order Piroplasmida. The biological cycle shows analogies with other known piroplasmids, and its transmission occurs through the inoculation of the parasite during a blood meal by a tick vector. Most available data for Cytauxzoon felis on the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) and wild felids, such as bobcat (Lynx rufus) and wild cat (Felis silvestris silvestris), come from North America; however, during the last decade, multiple studies confirmed the presence of Cytauxzoon europaeus, Cytauxzoon otrantorum and Cytauxzoon banethi in the domestic cat, Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Hepatozoon spp. has been thoroughly on domestic and wild canids, but available information about felids is scarce and needs further investigation. Feline hepatozoonosis is caused by Hepatozoon felis, Hepatozoon silvestris and Hepatozoon canis. Cytauxzoonosis and hepatozoonosis are classified as Vector Borne Diseases (VBDs), and they are emerging pathologies that can lead to fatal clinical cases. Even though there has been an increase in the number of cases in Europe, many aspects concerning the biological cycle, etiology, and clinical signs of these infections are still unknown. This work comes from a bibliographic research that aims to give Hepatozoon spp and Cytauxzoon spp. an epidemiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic overview, other than underline the vet’s condition when it comes to supporting the diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of these parasitic diseases.
I generi Cytauxzoon ed Hepatozoon includono diversi parassiti appartenenti al phylum Apicomplexa. Cytauxzoon spp., responsabile della cytauxzoonosi felina, è probabilmente il genere meno conosciuto all’interno dell’ordine Piroplasmida. Il ciclo biologico mostra analogie con altri piroplasmi conosciuti e la trasmissione si realizza attraverso l’inoculazione del parassita durante il pasto di sangue compiuto da una zecca infetta. La maggior parte delle informazioni disponibili provengono dal Nord America e riguardano Cytauxzoon felis nel gatto domestico (Felis silvestris catus) e nei felidi selvatici, come la lince rossa (Lynx rufus) e il gatto selvatico (Felis silvestris silvestris); tuttavia, durante gli ultimi decenni, molteplici studi hanno confermato la presenza di Cytauxzoon europaeus, Cytauxzoon otrantorum e Cytauxzoon banethi nel gatto domestico, nella lince eurasiatica (Lynx lynx) e nella lince iberica (Lynx pardinus). Hepatozoon spp. è stato ampiamente studiato sui canidi domestici e selvatici, ma le informazioni riguardanti l’infezione nei felidi sono scarse e richiedono maggiori approfondimenti. L’hepatozoonosi felina è causata da Hepatozoon felis, Hepatozoon silvestris e Hepatozoon canis. Cytauxzoonosi ed hepatozoonosi sono classificate come Vector Borne Diseases (VBDs); si tratta di patologie emergenti in grado di provocare anche quadri clinici fatali. Nonostante il numero di casi in Europa stia crescendo, molti aspetti riguardanti il ciclo biologico, l'eziologia e i segni clinici di queste infezioni rimangono ancora sconosciuti. Il presente elaborato è frutto di una raccolta bibliografica finalizzata ad attribuire ai generi Hepatozoon e Cytauxzoon un inquadramento epidemiologico, diagnostico e terapeutico, oltre a sottolineare le condizioni in cui si trova il medico veterinario nell’ottica di supportare la diagnosi e la terapia, così come la profilassi, di queste patologie parassitarie.
Hepatozoon e Cytauxzoon nei felidi: aspetti epidemiologici e diagnostici
CAVUOTI, JACOPO
2021/2022
Abstract
Cytauxzoon spp. and Hepatozoon spp. include different parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Cytauxzoon spp., responsible for feline cytauxzoonosis, is probably the least known genus within the order Piroplasmida. The biological cycle shows analogies with other known piroplasmids, and its transmission occurs through the inoculation of the parasite during a blood meal by a tick vector. Most available data for Cytauxzoon felis on the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) and wild felids, such as bobcat (Lynx rufus) and wild cat (Felis silvestris silvestris), come from North America; however, during the last decade, multiple studies confirmed the presence of Cytauxzoon europaeus, Cytauxzoon otrantorum and Cytauxzoon banethi in the domestic cat, Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Hepatozoon spp. has been thoroughly on domestic and wild canids, but available information about felids is scarce and needs further investigation. Feline hepatozoonosis is caused by Hepatozoon felis, Hepatozoon silvestris and Hepatozoon canis. Cytauxzoonosis and hepatozoonosis are classified as Vector Borne Diseases (VBDs), and they are emerging pathologies that can lead to fatal clinical cases. Even though there has been an increase in the number of cases in Europe, many aspects concerning the biological cycle, etiology, and clinical signs of these infections are still unknown. This work comes from a bibliographic research that aims to give Hepatozoon spp and Cytauxzoon spp. an epidemiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic overview, other than underline the vet’s condition when it comes to supporting the diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of these parasitic diseases.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/40152