The concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and consequently the global average temperatures, are rising more and more reaching peaks never recorded in history and thus causing climate changes that are extremely dangerous for the health of humans and the planet Earth. In addition, we should consider the historical period: where the war in Ukraine brought with it a serious energy crisis, with the availability of gas in Europe which is increasingly reduced and prices which instead continue to rise. The case study in question therefore refers to a project concerning the energy transition, that is the promotion of the transition from the use of fossil fuels to renewable sources: this is an absolutely necessary process to combat the disproportionate increase in the greenhouse effect and climate change. The European directives and the national decrees promoting the use of renewable sources, the reduction of CO2 emissions and therefore the energy transition are initially analyzed. In particular, a European directive has established the Renewable Energy Communities (CER), which is a legal entity that also allows to generate economic, social and environmental benefits in the area. It was therefore decided to study a case in which this CER, established with the installation of a photovoltaic system (which is a necessary prerequirement), is associated with a district heating plant in Padua. District heating is an innovative, environmentally friendly, safe and economical solution for heating and cooling homes, industrial and commercial buildings, using the heat produced by a cogeneration plant or an absorption chiller. As mentioned, therefore, we want to associate a photovoltaic system to this plant, located on the roof of one of the neighboring warehouses, and insert it in CER, which promotes the sharing of renewable energy and allows to obtain further economic benefits for the sustenance of the plant itself. Four simulations of photovoltaic systems with different powers are then studied, from 100 kWp to 400 kWp, in order to identify the right balance between energy produced, consumed and shared, so as to use the best mode that brings the greatest economic, social and environmental benefits to the community of reference. The best is the one with the power of 400 kWp, as it allows to have a very high energy produced by the photovoltaic system, and therefore also to obtain a high shared energy value and important economic benefits for the plant, to be able to continue to maintain the district heating service for the commercial area. At the same time, private users who enter the Community with the plant will also have the opportunity to receive incentives derived from shared energy, thus creating a virtuous circle of economic, social and environmental benefits for the area, thanks to the exploitation of renewable energy.
Le concentrazioni di anidride carbonica nell’atmosfera, e di conseguenza le temperature medie globali, stanno salendo sempre di più raggiungendo picchi mai registrati nella storia e provocando così dei cambiamenti climatici pericolosissimi per la salute dell’essere umano e del pianeta Terra. Tutto ciò si va ad aggiungere anche a questo particolare periodo storico, dove la guerra in Ucraina ha portato con sé una grave crisi energetica, con la disponibilità del gas in Europa che si riduce sempre maggiormente e i prezzi che invece continuano a salire. Il caso di studio in oggetto fa riferimento quindi ad un progetto riguardante la transizione energetica, ovvero la promozione del passaggio dall’uso dei combustibili fossili verso le fonti rinnovabili, processo assolutamente necessario per combattere l’incremento spropositato dell’effetto serra e dei cambiamenti climatici. Vengono inizialmente analizzate le direttive europee ed i decreti nazionali che promuovono l’utilizzo delle fonti rinnovabili, la riduzione delle emissioni di CO2 e quindi la transizione energetica. In particolare, una direttiva europea ha istituito le Comunità Energetiche Rinnovabili (CER), ovvero un soggetto giuridico che consente di generare benefici economici, sociali ed ambientali sul territorio. Si è deciso quindi di studiare un caso in cui questa CER, costituita contestualmente all’installazione di un impianto fotovoltaico (che ne rappresenta presupposto indefettibile), venga associata ad una centrale di teleriscaldamento di Padova. Il teleriscaldamento è una soluzione innovativa, rispettosa dell’ambiente, sicura ed economica per il riscaldamento e raffreddamento delle abitazioni, di edifici industriali e commerciali, utilizzando il calore prodotto da un impianto di cogenerazione o da un chiller ad assorbimento. Come detto quindi, a questa centrale si vuole associare un impianto fotovoltaico, situato sul tetto di uno dei capannoni limitrofi, ed inserirlo in CER, la quale promuove la condivisione di energia rinnovabile e permettere di ottenere ulteriori benefici economici per il sostentamento della centrale stessa. Vengono quindi studiate quattro simulazioni di impianti fotovoltaici con potenze diverse, dai 100 kWp ai 400 kWp, al fine di individuare il giusto equilibrio tra energia prodotta, consumata e condivisa, così da utilizzare la migliore modalità che apporti i maggiori benefici economici, sociali ed ambientali alla comunità di riferimento. La migliore risulta essere quella con la potenza di 400 kWp, in quanto permette di avere un’energia prodotta dall’impianto fotovoltaico molto alta, e quindi di ottenere anche un valore elevato di energia condivisa e dei benefici economici per la centrale importanti, così da poter continuare a mantenere il servizio di teleriscaldamento per la zona commerciale. Allo stesso tempo anche le utenze private che entrano in Comunità con la centrale avranno la possibilità di ricevere degli incentivi derivati dall’energia condivisa, creando così un circolo virtuoso di benefici economici, sociali ed ambientali per il territorio, grazie allo sfruttamento delle energie rinnovabili.
Progetti per la transizione energetica: caso di studio relativo ad una centrale di teleriscaldamento associata ad impianto fotovoltaico inserito in Comunità Energetica Rinnovabile
BRAGA, NICOLÒ
2021/2022
Abstract
The concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and consequently the global average temperatures, are rising more and more reaching peaks never recorded in history and thus causing climate changes that are extremely dangerous for the health of humans and the planet Earth. In addition, we should consider the historical period: where the war in Ukraine brought with it a serious energy crisis, with the availability of gas in Europe which is increasingly reduced and prices which instead continue to rise. The case study in question therefore refers to a project concerning the energy transition, that is the promotion of the transition from the use of fossil fuels to renewable sources: this is an absolutely necessary process to combat the disproportionate increase in the greenhouse effect and climate change. The European directives and the national decrees promoting the use of renewable sources, the reduction of CO2 emissions and therefore the energy transition are initially analyzed. In particular, a European directive has established the Renewable Energy Communities (CER), which is a legal entity that also allows to generate economic, social and environmental benefits in the area. It was therefore decided to study a case in which this CER, established with the installation of a photovoltaic system (which is a necessary prerequirement), is associated with a district heating plant in Padua. District heating is an innovative, environmentally friendly, safe and economical solution for heating and cooling homes, industrial and commercial buildings, using the heat produced by a cogeneration plant or an absorption chiller. As mentioned, therefore, we want to associate a photovoltaic system to this plant, located on the roof of one of the neighboring warehouses, and insert it in CER, which promotes the sharing of renewable energy and allows to obtain further economic benefits for the sustenance of the plant itself. Four simulations of photovoltaic systems with different powers are then studied, from 100 kWp to 400 kWp, in order to identify the right balance between energy produced, consumed and shared, so as to use the best mode that brings the greatest economic, social and environmental benefits to the community of reference. The best is the one with the power of 400 kWp, as it allows to have a very high energy produced by the photovoltaic system, and therefore also to obtain a high shared energy value and important economic benefits for the plant, to be able to continue to maintain the district heating service for the commercial area. At the same time, private users who enter the Community with the plant will also have the opportunity to receive incentives derived from shared energy, thus creating a virtuous circle of economic, social and environmental benefits for the area, thanks to the exploitation of renewable energy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/40590