This research was carried out for two consecutive years, in 2021 on maize (Zea mays L.) and 2022 on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the “L. Toniolo” University of Padova’s experimental farm, Agripolis, Legnaro. This study aims to identify the impact of hailstorm events on the gas exchange, chlorophyll content, and biomass in maize and winter wheat, and to assess the occurrence of changes in stomatal conductivity after hail damage. The experimental layout is a randomized block with three replicates in both maize and winter wheat. The treatments are four defoliation levels (0%, 20%, 50%, and 80%) applied at the V8/9 (8/9th leaf), R1 (silking), R3 (milk) and R4 (dough) stages in maize, and at the flowering and milky stages in winter wheat. This research has shown that the impact of a hailstorm on the stomatal conductance in maize decreased significantly at V8/9 and R1 stages, but was less affected at R3 and R4 stages. In winter wheat, the stomatal conductance did not decrease significantly in the examined stages. Both crops did not show statistical differences in terms of stomatal conductance. The impact of a hailstorm on the chlorophyll content in maize increased at V8/9 stage during the growing season, decreased at R1 and R3 stages, and fluctuated at R4 stage. In winter wheat, the impact of a hailstorm on chlorophyll content also showed a decreasing pattern in both examined stages. Both crops were found the difference letters apart from R4 stage in maize and at the milky stage in winter wheat. The impact of a hailstorm on dry grain weight in maize at V8/9 and R1 stages is sensitive, while at R3 and R4 stages it is less sensitive. The highest effect of hail damage that reduced the total dry weight of maize after a hailstorm was observed at V8/9 stage. Lastly, the yield of winter wheat decreased proportionally to the degree of damage and showed a statistical difference between the control and damage treatments.
Questa ricerca è stata condotta per due anni consecutivi, nel 2021 sul mais (Zea mays L.) e nel 2022 sul frumento invernale (Triticum aestivum L.) nell'area “L. Toniolo” Fattoria sperimentale dell'Università di Padova, Agripolis, Legnaro. Questo studio mira a identificare l'impatto degli eventi di grandinata sullo scambio gassoso, sul contenuto di clorofilla e sulla biomassa nel mais e nel frumento invernale e a valutare il verificarsi di cambiamenti nella conduttività stomatica dopo i danni della grandine. Il layout sperimentale è un blocco randomizzato con tre repliche sia nel mais che nel frumento invernale. I trattamenti sono quattro livelli di defogliazione (0%, 20%, 50% e 80%) applicati nelle fasi V8/9 (8/9a foglia), R1 (setacciatura), R3 (latte) e R4 (impasto) nel mais , e nelle fasi di fioritura e latte nel frumento invernale. Questa ricerca ha dimostrato che l'impatto di una grandinata sulla conduttanza stomatica nel mais è diminuito significativamente negli stadi V8/9 e R1, ma è stato meno influenzato negli stadi R3 e R4. Nel frumento invernale, la conduttanza stomatica non è diminuita significativamente negli stadi esaminati. Entrambe le colture non hanno mostrato differenze statistiche in termini di conduttanza stomatica. L'impatto di una grandinata sul contenuto di clorofilla nel mais è aumentato nella fase V8/9 durante la stagione di crescita, è diminuito nelle fasi R1 e R3 e ha oscillato nella fase R4. Nel frumento invernale, anche l'impatto di una grandinata sul contenuto di clorofilla ha mostrato un andamento decrescente in entrambe le fasi esaminate. In entrambe le colture sono state trovate lettere di differenza a parte lo stadio R4 nel mais e lo stadio lattiginoso nel frumento invernale. L'impatto di una grandinata sul peso del cereale secco nel mais negli stadi V8/9 e R1 è sensibile, mentre negli stadi R3 e R4 è meno sensibile. L'effetto più alto dei danni da grandine che ha ridotto il peso secco totale del mais dopo una grandinata è stato osservato nella fase V8/9. Infine, la resa del frumento invernale è diminuita proporzionalmente al grado di danno e ha mostrato una differenza statistica tra il controllo e il trattamento del danno.
Effetto dei danni da grandine su scambio gassoso fogliare e biomassa in mais e frumento tenero
PRATIWI, OKTIZALIA
2021/2022
Abstract
This research was carried out for two consecutive years, in 2021 on maize (Zea mays L.) and 2022 on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the “L. Toniolo” University of Padova’s experimental farm, Agripolis, Legnaro. This study aims to identify the impact of hailstorm events on the gas exchange, chlorophyll content, and biomass in maize and winter wheat, and to assess the occurrence of changes in stomatal conductivity after hail damage. The experimental layout is a randomized block with three replicates in both maize and winter wheat. The treatments are four defoliation levels (0%, 20%, 50%, and 80%) applied at the V8/9 (8/9th leaf), R1 (silking), R3 (milk) and R4 (dough) stages in maize, and at the flowering and milky stages in winter wheat. This research has shown that the impact of a hailstorm on the stomatal conductance in maize decreased significantly at V8/9 and R1 stages, but was less affected at R3 and R4 stages. In winter wheat, the stomatal conductance did not decrease significantly in the examined stages. Both crops did not show statistical differences in terms of stomatal conductance. The impact of a hailstorm on the chlorophyll content in maize increased at V8/9 stage during the growing season, decreased at R1 and R3 stages, and fluctuated at R4 stage. In winter wheat, the impact of a hailstorm on chlorophyll content also showed a decreasing pattern in both examined stages. Both crops were found the difference letters apart from R4 stage in maize and at the milky stage in winter wheat. The impact of a hailstorm on dry grain weight in maize at V8/9 and R1 stages is sensitive, while at R3 and R4 stages it is less sensitive. The highest effect of hail damage that reduced the total dry weight of maize after a hailstorm was observed at V8/9 stage. Lastly, the yield of winter wheat decreased proportionally to the degree of damage and showed a statistical difference between the control and damage treatments.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/40633